Evaluation And Analysis Of The Shanghai Municipal Tourism Ecological Footprint

In recent years, with the scale of human tourism activities constantly expending,the development of tourism brings considerable economic benefits to local, at themeanwhile also has a series of side effect to the local environment, society andculture. How to quantitatively measure the sustainable development of tourism isalways been the focus and difficulty of Tourism Research. There are many ways ofsustainable development of tourism measurement, such as Tourism EnvironmentCarrying Capacity (TECC), Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), Limits of AcceptableChange (LAC), Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA).Among them, The ecologicalfootprint analysis is a quantitatively way of measure human consumption of naturalecological and sustainable level of development of ecologic economics, tourismecologic footprint is the ecologic footprint theory application in tourism research. It’sa quantitative measure of the index system of sustainable development of tourism,reveals the relationship between tourism development and sustainable development,extends the ecological footprint research fields.This Paper using tourism, ecology, statistical theory and methods, through thecombination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, drawing on the latest ecologicalfootprint model which can measure sustainable development. Based on the6calculation sub-model of tourism ecological footprint, It calculates tourism ecologicalfootprint of Shanghai from2008to2010, analyse the dynamic change and the causes,provide a reference for the Shanghai Municipal Tourism Sustainable Development. Itdiscusses the Shanghai Expo’s impact to Shanghai tourism ecologic footprint.Conclusions of this study:（1）from2008to2010,Shanghai’s total ecologicaldeficit are253.90×104hm2,277.55×104hm2,383.91×104hm2, showing anincreasing trend year by year; the tourism ecological deficit per capita are359.37×10-4hm2,333.14×10-4hm2,273.51×10-4hm2, showing a declining trend.From the structure of the Municipal Tourism Ecological Footprint of Shanghai, thetourism traffic footprint and shopping footprint take the dominant position, theseare important factors for tourism consumption of nature resources and ecological environment impacts; catering and accommodation followed; visiting and leisureentertainment is the smallest ecological footprint. The energy consumption oftransport is an important factor in causing tourist traffic footprint and fossil energydemand. take the biggest ratio among6sub-model of ecological footprint.（2）The Municipal Tourism Ecological Carrying Capacity and the tourismecological footprint of Shanghai has dislocation phenomena on the land typestructure. The land resource with larger demand has less supply capacity. The landresources with lower demand have bigger supply capacity, but fossil energy demandsignificantly exceeds supply, indicates the lower efficiency of land use, which haslarger development space.（3）The Shanghai tourism ecological footprint has its unique regionalcharacters. Tourist shopping has become the second largest component in thetourism ecological footprint, and these are inseparable with Shanghai’s shoppingtourism-oriented city positioning. But Shanghai’s travel product requires more land,resulting in a large area of arable land occupation. We can optimize the tourismproduct system, and actively guide the visitors to green consumption.（4）The main factors influence the size of Shanghai tourism ecological footprintare: the tourism food consumption structure, the size of the accommodation,transport type, the size of the tourists, travel distance and the bio-productive landproductivity. These factors can provide practical recommendations to Shanghaitourism sustainable development.（5）2010Shanghai Expo has a greater impact on the Tourism EcologicalFootprint. Although the total number of tourist increased, tourism ecologicalfootprint per capita does not increase. Tourist accommodation, catering, transport,tourism, leisure and entertainment ecological footprint has a downward trendcompare with2009. Overall, the number of tourists is not proportional to thetourism ecological footprint per capita, but proportional to the total ecologicalfootprint and tourism.