The Development Of Middle School Students’ Plural Well-Being Questionnaire

In the past, there is a joke "happiness is that you buy two bowls of noodles, one for eating and the other for throwing away," reflected that people were yearning for rich material life in poor material time. Now, China has become the second largest economic country in the world, therefore happiness is very different from the past. What does happiness mean at present?Well-being for middle school students is a kind of pursuit. However, Medias just report that: how many students are not happy; how many students are with poor mental health; how many students have conflicts with parents and teachers; or even how many students are with suicidal tendencies. Therefore people think that the well-being for middle school students is very low. However the results of studies on well-being among adolescence showed that their well-being is above the middle level. What is the reason for such big differences between people’s thought of well-being and scholars studies of well-being? Seligman(2012) developed the theory of plural happiness and believed that well-being is consisted of positive emotion, engagement, meaning, accomplishment and relationship(PERMA). We often pay much attention our feelings, but less to what we actually do.This study is about middle students’ plural well-being:There were more than2000subjects participated in this study in Chongqing city, Hebei province and Shandong province.Based on the above research, results show that:(1) The plural well-being of middle school students is a multi-division structure, they are positive emotion, accomplishment, engagement, relationship.(2) The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the plural well-being questionnaire and each division were from0.802to0.909. The correlation between each division with the whole questionnaire score were from0.765to0.895, the fit index shows the model is good: x2/df=4.326, PCFI=0.758, TLI=0.912, CFI=0.928, NFI=0.909, GFI=0.919, RMSEA=0.072. The self-designed "middle school students’ plural well-being questionnaire" has preferable reliability and fair validity, it could be used as an effective measurement.(3) Middle school students’plural well-being score is above the mean leveI(M=53.57, SD=11.87), it means that middle school students’ well-being is positive on the whole. The scores from the highest to the lowest is relationship, positive emotion, accomplishment, engagement.(4) The correlation between well-being and self-esteem is moderated by school achievements (R2=0.519, F=55.025, p<0.00l).