The Economic Reforms Of Ghazan Khan

At the end of the third Mongolian Western Expedition, West Asia was ruled by Ilkhanate who was established by Hulegu. In its early rule, Ilkhanate was loose in political structure, the economy was huge damaged, and the governor wants to drain the pond to get all the fish. Therefore it leads to the economic crisis-prone. In1295, Ghazan Khan was crowned Il-khan. He began a wide range of reforms in face of serious political and economic crisis. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper mainly discussed Ghazan Khan’s economic reforms in three parts.The first part traced the background of the reforms of Ghazan Khan. From the economic point of view, the economic crisis is intensified by the difficult in tax collection and the empty of the national treasury. From the idealistic point of view, Ghazan Khan realizes the importance of commerce and agriculture to his domination, changing his belief to Islam only. The unfavorable international environment has also prompted Ghazan Khan’s reforms.The second part analyzed the specific content of Ghazan Khan’s reforms. This part is divided into four aspects to discuss. The first aspect analyzed the content of tax reform, including the abolishment of tax farming, the census work, the definite tax rate, the nationalization of tax collection, the definite tax collection time and payment. The second aspect discussed the tax system reform, including the content of military iqta and the analysis of its meanings, the institution of amir iqta system. The third aspect analyzed the background and content of monetary reform, in particular emphasized that the establishment of a unified monetary model and unit, and a unified weights and measures system. The forth aspect talked about financial reform.Firstly, the text analyzed ortaq is abolished by Ghazan Khan.then discussed the reorganization measures which refer to the national treasury expenditure and the cost of crown family.The third part discussed effects of the economic reforms of Ghazan Khan. The reform had positive impact on the recovery and development of agriculture, the prosperity of industry and commerce, and the flourish and fusion of cultural. At the same time, the paper also pointed the limitation of the reforms.