| Zheng Xiaoxu was the controversial figure in Chinese modern history. He remarkable achievements on the culture, was one of the founders of the "Tong Guang Ti", having a unique style of the original "Hai Cang" poetry. Politically, he actively advocated reform movement in the early years, and participated in the preparatory constitutional movement in the late qing dynasty.He was the enlightened intellectuals in that time. After the revolution of1911, facing the social reality of warlords, and the loss of Chinese traditional etiquette, he againsted the revolution and regarded the republic of China as the enemy. During ten years in his study, zheng was engaged in cultural activities, paid close attention to the change of the situation at home and abroad, also tried to restore monarchy and reconstruct traditional Confucian culture.Zheng served as the teacher of pu yi in1924,and began to restore the old dynasty. After "the theory of Gong Guan" had failed in the1920s, he firmly took cooperation with Japan, but as a result Japanese made use of him. In the spring of1932, under the support of Japan, the puppet manchukuo was established in northeast China. In March of1934, pu yi completed the restoration, so-called "Hou Qing" dynasty. Zheng served as a puppet prime minister in1932, put forward the idea of "kingcraft","kingcraft" was the collection of his whole life thoughts. Kingcraft was the project of construction of puppet manchukuo. And also was the political and cultural selection In the modernization transformation.Kingcraft mainly came from Chinese traditional Confucianism, and combined with his understanding of the contemporary times, so as to build the "internal saints" and "external king"."Internal saints" emphasized to itself, and "external king" emphasized on restoration of the monarchy and Confucian country, in order to build a "king of paradise". Kingcraft was in essence the datong,which was returned in modern times. Manchukuo was just the puppet regime, the kingcraft was also used by Japanese. Manchu officials had few power, and had full of contradictions with Japanese officials, which made Zheng Xiaoxu gradually realized that the situation, but without the ability to change. As Zheng Xiaoxu to step down, the Japanese began to promote "emperor humanitarian thoughts", kingcraft thought gradually became the past memories, became the last restoration of the qing dynasty in mordern China.The failure of kingcraft, not only because it was made use by Japan, but the theory itself was lack of scientific theory, which Zheng Xiaoxu had invented explanations for Confucian school, and also the one-sided understanding of international and domestic situation. The kingcraft just was a subjective assumption, there had never been implemented. His thoughts were all for the sake of the monarchy and the reconstruction of the Confucian ritual. The excessive addicted to traditional culture, which eventually led to forked road in unconsciously. Zheng Xiaoxu was a stalwart defenders of Chinese traditional culture. Under the influence of the old culture and morality, he always insisted that Japan was the country which founded for morals. Therefore he indulged in Japan’s constitutional monarchy, the motive of invasive of Janpanese he had not known clearly. The choosen of culture had deviated his political cultural choice,which led Zheng to be the Traitor, being condemned by countrymen. |
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