Investigation On Matters About Wars Of Qing Dynasty Conquering The Altai Uriyanghai

Uriyanghai is the general name of the Tuvas and Mongolian, who lived inthe area of the southwest of Siberia, south of the Cayan Mountain, AltaiMountain and along the Yenisei River. They had belonged to the khalkhaand the Zunghar Khanate and gradually be controlled by Qing Dynasty.In Qing Dynasty, they were divided into three parts called Three Tribes ofUriyanghai, which contained Tannu Uriyanghai, Altai Uriyanghai andAltan-nor Uriyanghai. Then, after a long and complex history, they arenow become the parts of Russia,Mongolia and Sinkiang of China and soon.When Qing Dynasty conquered the khalkha and the ZungharKhanate,they also went on the conquest of Uriyanghai, who alreadysubordinated to them. In the nineteenth year of Ch’ien Lung Dynasty(theyear1754), the Uriyanghai who lived in the area of the Khovd River andAltai Mountain were encircled and annihilated greatly by the Manchutroops before the attack on Zunghar Khanate. In this article, this war istaken for an example to investigate many questions about wars of QingDynasty conquering the Uriyanghai.This paper consists of introduction, body and conclusion. The first partcontains the reason of choosing this topic, the materials and researchoverview. In the first chapter of the body, after a short discussion of the general situation of Uriyanghai, the relationships of Uriyanghai, khalkhaand Oyirad are also showed. In the second chapter, the topic fordiscussion is the matters that two Demci(Junior officers) of Uriyanghaichased “Three Ceren”(three men called Ceren) and acrossed the borderof Qing Dynasty. For example, the true reason for Mamut, the leader ofJahacin in Zunghar, and the Uriyanghai chased “Three Ceren” for whatthey broke into the border of Qing. Also the interrelationship of Mamutand the Uriyanghai and the dispute among the Manchu rulers on theUriyanghai matters. In the third chapter, it investigates many questionsabout wars of Qing troops conquering the Uriyanghai. For example,Ch’ien Lung exaggerated the victory of the war intentionally and in theofficial records, matters like numbers of cattle plundered by Manchutroops was covered. The last part is the discussion about Ch’ien Lung’smilitary strategy and the functions of archives.The official historical materials of these matters were covered up, evadedor tampered. Bases on the Manchu archives, according to other historicalsources, this article investigates above matters. Repairing and restoringmany history details, it tries to study the characteristic of officialhistorical materials, indicate the weakness and correct them.