The Popular Rebellion In Eastern Inner Mongolia In The Late Qing Dynasty (1891-1911)

During the two hundreds years of Qing Dynasty, as a special socialphenomenon the popular rebellion exists widely and longtime. Since the FristOpium War,with the sudden transformation of the original social character,the deepening of old contradictions existing in Chinese society and theappearing of the new contradictions, the popular rebellion gradually becameone of the major social problems obsessing the government of Qing Dynasty.In the eastern area of Inner Mongolia in the last period of Qing Dynasty,because of the special ethnic, religion, administrative organizational system,mode of production, natural environment and other factors, the local popularrebellion presents many particular characteristics although they are similar tothe inland popular rebellion in general. By use the research methods just likethe history, historical geography, sociology and other relevant theories andresearch methods, the thesis analyzes and researches the popular rebellion ineastern Inner Mongolia from1891to1911in the last period of Qing Dynastycompletely.The thesis narrates comprehensively the concrete pattern and detailedprocess of the popular rebellion in eastern Inner Mongolia in the last period ofQing Dynasty, and analyzes and exposes the underlying causes of popularrebellion in eastern Inner Mongolia in the last period of Qing Dynasty. Theunderlying causes are the contradictions among the local people and theforeign missionaries and the illegal believers, the contradictions between thelocal populace and the Mongolian nobility, the serious natural disasters ineastern Inner Mongolia and the unprecedented aggravation of local populationpressure in the last period of Qing Dynasty. The paper also elicits thesimilarities and differences in the participators, the leadership and the fightingcondition between the popular rebellion in eastern Inner Mongolia and inland popular rebellion at the same time of the last period of Qing Dynasty.The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter analyzes thesignificance of the research of the popular rebellion field, summarizes theresearch status of the popular rebellion field and discusses the demarcation ofthe popular rebellion’s range in the academic circle. The second chapter givesa detailed account of the different forms of popular rebellion in eastern InnerMongolia, the event of Zaili Church, the popular rebellion leading byhualiyasen, the movement by Toghtox with armed forces against landreclamation, the movement by Choghdalai with armed forces against landreclamation as the examples. The third chapter analyzes all the subjective andobjective factors which inducing the popular rebellion in eastern InnerMongolia in the last period of Qing Dynasty. The fourth chapter contrasts thesimilarities and differences between the popular rebellion of eastern InnerMongolia and popular rebellion of the inland in the last period of QingDynasty.The final conclusion is that in macro view under the contemporarypolitical, economical and social environment the popular rebellion of easternInner Mongolia has the inevitability but in micro view every popular rebellionin eastern Inner Mongolia has the occasionality. The final eruption of popularrebellion in eastern Inner Mongolia in the last period of Qing Dynasty is aresult of different subjective and objective factors.