The Nutritional Status Of Pregnant Women And Its Associations On Lipid Levels In Guangdong

BackgroundGestation period is an important stage and physiological processes in womens life. Comprehensive nutrients and enough energy are required in physiological stress of pregnant women. The fetus-s growth and development in the womb depends on mother, The reasonable and balanced nutrition support is not only in relation to mothers health and post-lactation but also in connection with the fetus’s growth and development even the adult disease.In the past few years, with the development of economy and peoples living standard, peoples dietary habit and life-style have changed dramatically in recent years,they pay more attention to the nutrition during pregnancy. The mother-infant nutrition health have been put on the agenda in our country, the reproductive health have been strengthened and the level of maternal and child health care has been improved through a number of public health programs. But the unreasonable diet structure of pregnant women also exist in our country according to a survey. The lack of calcium,iron,zinc and vitamin intake is inadequate, in addition, the problems such as the extra weight during pregnancy, can severely impact the maternal and children’s health.The influence of the pregnancy nutrition on maternal body mainly reflected in pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes. Nutritional unbalance in pregnancy, such as the lack of nutritions or the extra weight increase, can cause some common pregnancy complications:for instance,the anemic,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,hyperlipidemia in pregnancy and so on. Besides, unbalanced nutrition can increase the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcome,such as the lack of protein,vitamin and microelement may result in miscarriage and low birth weight.These adverse pregnancy outcome not only impact mothers health and increase the maternal mortality rate but also have a significant impact on fetuss growth and development.The influence of the unbalanced pregnancy nutrition on fetus and newborn is mainly in the following aspects:the malnutrition during pregnancy could directly lead to the damage of fetal growth and development,including preterm birth,low birth weight,fetal malformation even increase the fetal mortality and so on. According to a recent survey shows that our country is one of the highest incidence of birth defection.There are16million abnormal infants every year,including0.8-1.0million macroscopic defects.The reasons for the fetal malformation is complex,but the relations between nutrition and fetal deformity have been aroused public concern for ages,such as lack of folic acid can cause miscarriage,cleft lip and palate baby,neutral tube defects(NTDs) even dead fetus.If overnutrition or the extra weight increase during pregnancy,they may increase the incidence of giant babies,cesarean section babies and pregnancy complication and so on.further more,there are many myths on the nutrition cognitions in our country,many people hold that the more kinds and amount foods intake,the better healthy,this not only lead to the overweight but also increase the incidence of giant baby and cesarean section. In order to promote the maternal health,ensure the normal development of the fetus,a balanced diet is of great importance.Therefore,the aim of this study was to research the relationship between dietary habits, life-style and the blood lipid levels through a dietary survey on pregnancy women in Guangdong.ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study:(1) Have a dietary survey on pregnancy women in Guangdong;(2)Calculate and analysis the amount of the nutrition intake.(3) To explore the relationship between dietary habit and the blood lipid levels in pregnancy women.(4)To carry out the health education,help the pregnancy women have a balanced diet and healthy life-style,to reduce the incidence of the pregnancy complications,save the health care costs,and improve our quality of lives.MethodsTo randomly select450pregnant women who underwent obstetrical examination in Guangzhou and Shenzhen hospitals at their24th to28th gestational weeks.The frequency questionnaire(FFQ) was used and blood lipid levels were detected on the date of survey.According to the result of blood lipid levels,the women were divided into two groups:healthy pregnant women group and dyslipidemia group.Explore the relationship between the dietary habits and blood lipid levels in mid-pregnancy women.ResultsAll the respondents(417), the average age is (28.41±3.92)y,the gestational weeks is (26.96±2.33)w.the average weight gain is (9.94±2.69)kg.The intake of total energy is (2412.22±534.75)kcal/d,it is observed than RNI(P<0.05).The intake of calcium, iron, zinc and VB1,VB2,folic acid is under than the RNI(P<0.05).Two hundred and ninety-seven women(71.22%) were identified as with dyslipidemia as well as one hundred and twenty(28.78%)healthy pregnant women. Compared with healthy pregnant women group, The intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate have no difference(P>0.05).but cholesterol intake more (P<0.05).And the average daily intake of Protein,fiber,calcium,iron,zinc and folic acid as well as vitamin B group all lower than recommended nutrient intakes.of mid-pregnancy women.ConclusionThe intake total energy is sufficient in Guangdong,but the dietary structure of pregnancy women is not unreasonable,some nutritions are not eating enough;the blood lipid levels of pregnancy women are higher than normal women; the weight and BMI before pregnancy is positively related to the blood lipid level;The pregnancy nutrition knowledge awareness rate is low, further work is needed to carry out the prenatal care education.