The Relationship Between Vascular Risk Factors And Alzheimer’s Disease

Background and objectiveAlzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s diseases, AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. With the aging of the population increasing, the incidence and prevalence of AD is higher and higher, which poses a great burden to family and society. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of AD related to heredity, virus infection, inflammation, cholinergic system function defect, cytoskeleton change. In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that the AD closely associated with cerebrovascular diseases, which promote the occurrence of AD and accelerate the development of the AD. Risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases could also be the risk factors for AD. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between four clinical common vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease.Materials and methodsThe materials came from patients who came to Shandong University Qilu Hospital to see a neurological doctor because of "memory impairment". We gave them a questionnaire survey and neuropsychological assessment, measured their blood pressure, and fasting blood lipid and blood glucose. According to the results of inspection, we screened patients who met "probable AD" diagnosis standards as the AD group, and patients without cognitive impairment as control group. We used SPSS18.0statistical analysis system to analyze all information obtained in the two groups. Firstly single factor Logistic regression analysis was carried out on the various factors, and then statistically significant factors were selected for multivariable Logistic regression analysis, calculating the OR values and95%confidence interval.ResultsThere were98participants included in the study, who complained chiefly "memory impairment". There were53cases in the AD group, and45in the control group. The distribution of age, gender and culture degree in the AD group and the control group was as shown in table2. Age:the AD group for71.11+/-9.397years old, and the control group for69.36+/-8.752years old, there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05), as shown in table3. Gender:there were26women in AD group (49.1%) and19women in control group (42.2%), there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05), are shown in table3. Cultural level:in the AD group, the frequency of illiterate, primary, secondary and college degree and above was respectively7.5%,26.4%,43.4%and22.6%, and the control group0.0%,20.4%,42.9%and32.7%. There was significant difference between two groups. The cultural level was lower in AD group than in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), are shown in table3.Results of single factor Logistic regression analysis (see table3):there were no significant difference between the AD group and control group, in the age and constituent ratio of gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia; And for type2diabetes mellitus (OR=4.432, p=0.014), coronary heart disease (OR=2.683, p=0.029), and cultural level (OR=2.210, p=0.004), there were significant differences between the two groups, all p<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. Results multivariable Logistic regression analysis (see table4):type2diabetes (OR=4.808,95%CI1.376-16.796, p=0.014), coronary heart disease (OR=3.359,95%CI1.265-8.919, p=0.015) and the low cultural level (OR=2.230,95%CI1.2214.073, p= 0.009) were independent risk factors for AD.Conclusions1. The diabetes and coronary heart disease are independent risk factors for AD, closely related with higher risk of AD;2. Higher education degree is a protection factor for AD, which can delay the occurrence of dementia symptoms;3. The elderly hypertension and high cholesterol levels may have nothing to do with the risk of AD.