| Objectives:For a long time, due to the structure characteristics of China’s urban and ruralareas, there is serious unbalance situation about a variety of social resources,especially health care resources, resulting in increasing the gap between urban andrural areas. Although in recent years the new rural cooperative medical caresystem(NRCMCS) formed a "serious illness and manpower " mutual assistance ruralmedical system, has reduced the financial burden on farmers caused by disease andimprove the health of farmers play an important role. However, the current gapbetween urban and rural areas of health resource allocation is still too large. How toachieve reasonable allocation of health care resources to achieve balanceddevelopment of urban and rural health, so that farmers and urban residents can enjoythe same high-quality health services, improve health care and quality of life of ruralresidents, is placed in front of one of the important topics. We investigated healthresource allocation in rural areas of Jilin Province, including the number of townshiphospitals and village clinics, health workers, health services, etc. to understand theallocation of health resources in rural areas in Jilin Province, and put forward tocountermeasures optimiz, to provide a theoretical basis for further optimize theallocation of health resources in Chinese rural areas, to improve quality the ruralmedical and health services, and formulate reasonable policy for rural healthdevelopment in Jilin Province, with a view to narrowing the gap between urban andrural health situation, eventually improving the overall health situation of ruralresidents in Jilin Province.Methods:The interview, literature research methods were adopted. Medical and healthinstitutions in rural areas of Jilin Province were selected as objects of the study.Weinvestigated rural medical and health situation including: all regions the number ofhealth centers in towns and village clinics in different regions of Jilin, number ofbeds, the number of rural doctors, health workers, age,gender,education, the title of atechnical post of professional medical workers, NCMS participation numbers, the participation rate,ect. We statistically descripted geographical distribution, personneland academic titles and other descriptive statistics constitution of rural health careinstitutions in Jilin province, analyzed the those indexes to compare different healthresources in rural areas. Enumeration data were described using the constituent ratio.Using the combined method of Lorentz curves and Gini coefficient, from a populationperspective, we analyzed the fairness of rural health resource configuration in JilinProvince.Results:1. Distribution of rural health institutions in Jilin Province. From view ofpopulation,distribution of village clinics is highly fair, the Gini coefficient is0.16;while distribution of township hospitals is just fair, the Gini coefficient is0.27.2.Staff composition in rural medical and health institution in Jilin. There are significantdifferences in aspects as gender, age, education, the title of a technical post and otherindicators of professional medical workers in township hospitals in Jilin. From theperspective of population, the distributions of professional medical workers,healthprofessionals practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses were fair, Ginicoefficients were0.21,0.23,0.24.3.Medical equipment situation in rural healthinstitutions in Jilin Province. The number of medical equipment which cost50millionwas small, just accounting for only0.75%of the total number of devices. From apopulation perspective, distribution of beds was equitable, the Gini coefficient was0.26.4. Medical service utilization in towns Hospital bed utilization rate was low,which was only34.24%; Turnover of beds was low as17.76times.5. Situation ofrural residents participate in new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS): theparticipated number of rural residents in Jilin Province was1324.50million in2012,the participation rate was99.41%, the participation rate is high.Conclusions:1. From the population perspective, distribution of hospitals in towns and villageclinics is fair, the status of village clinics is better than hospitals in towns; From theperspective of regional population, the allocation of professional medicalworkers,health professionals practicing (assistant) doctors, registered nurses, beds arefair, the Gini coefficient floats between0.2and0.3, and the coefficient ofprofessional medical workers is higher than health professionals practicing (assistant)doctors, and registered nurses. But overall level of above situation is lower than the developed cities in our country, more health investment are required to strengthen therural health care;2. There is significant difference among different categories ofprofessional medical workers in terms of age, sex, educational background, Healthfaculty in rural health care institutions mainly is mainly made up withmiddle-aged,women, in secondary and technical education, the title of a technicalpost. at the physician level based, the problem of gender imbalance, health workforceaging, lack of highly educated professionals and other issues are outstanding;3. Lowutilization of hospital beds and turnover of beds as in health service utilization aspectto a great degree leads to waste of resource;.4. The higher participation rate of ruralresidents shows that they could enjoy facilities brought by NCMS policy, to someextent alleviated the "difficult","expensive" problem of seeing doctors. The advancedmeasures to promote the rural health care situation are came up at last. |
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