The Effects Of Maternal Low-protein Dietson Offspring’s Kidneyfunction

Part I Maternal low-protein dietsexposure induced rat Fetalgrowth restriction modelObjective To explore the effects of different amounts of low protein diet feeding pregnant rats on the incidence of Fetal growth restriction (FGR), to develop a simple, effective method for FGR animal model.Methodsl. PregnantSD rats were divided into four groups according to different feeding methods.1) Normal control group (12pregnant rats):pregnant rats were fed normal diet (protein content18%);2) Low protein group (17pregnant rats):pregnant rats were fed low-protein diet (protein content9%), feeding amount was the same as normal control group;3)75%low-protein group (16pregnant rats):pregnant rats were feed low-protein diet (protein content9%), feeding amount was75%of normal control group.4)50%low-protein group (2pregnant rats):pregnant rats were feed low-protein diet (protein content9%), feeding amount was50%of normal control group.2. Pregnant rats body weight, delivery and farrowingsituation, fetal rats survival rate, mortality, birth weight and FGR incidence were compared. Results1.50%low-protein group ofpregnant rats weight plummeted, two pregnant rats wereabortion,soremoved from the experimental group.2.Pregnant rats body weight in gestational day12and21, low-protein group and75%low-protein group were significantly lower than normal control group,75%low-protein group in gestational day21, body weight was significantly lower than low protein group;②Fetal rats birth weight:Normal control group:8.24±0.96g, low-protein group:7.08±0.99g,75%low-protein group:6.36±0.86g, low-protein group and75%low-protein group were significantly lower than the control group,75%low protein group was significantly lower than low-protein group; FGR incidence:Normal control group:4.59%, low-protein group:25.24%,75%low-protein group:55.13%, low-protein group and75%low-protein group were significantly higher than normal control group,75%low-protein group was significantly higher than low-protein group; mortality of fetal rats:control group:7.63%, low-protein group:20.77%,75%low-protein group:27.78%, low-protein group and75%low-protein group were significantly higher than normal control group. There was no significant difference between75%low-protein group and low protein group;3. Pregnant rats smooth production rate:normal control group, low protein group and75%low-protein group, respectively, was91.67%76.47%,68.75%; dystocia rate, respectively, was8.33%,11.76%,18.75%; abortion rate was0,5.88%,6.25%.Low-protein group and75%low-protein group with the production rate were significantly lower than normal control group; Dystocia rate of75%low-protein group was significantly higher than normal control group; There was no statisticsignificant between low protein group and75%low-protein group.Conclusion75%low-protein diet in rat pregnancy feeding operation is the ideal mode way of FGR since it’s simple, low cost, while high FGR incidence,and no statisticsignificant to classicallow protein group indystocia rate andabortion rate. Part Ⅱ The effects of fetal growth restriction on kidney function in rats offspringObjective To investigate the short-term and long-term effects of rat intrauterine growth restriction on the body weight, blood pressure and kidney of the offspring.Methods1.Pregnant SD rats were divided into2groups according to different feeding methods:Control group (pregnant rats fed a18%protein diet) and Low-protein group (fed a9.2%protein diet).2. Caesarean in day the20of gestation, the weights of fetuses,placenta and their kidneys were recorded.2. After delivery, the remaining offspringwere weighed every3days in1month, and once a month later.3. Two months after they were born, the blood pressure of the rat pups were measured once a month.4.5months, the rats were killed and their kidneys were weighed and observed.5. The serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of rat pups were examined at11months old.6. The urinary proteins of rats were measured at24months old, and thenthe rats were killed and their kidneys were weighed and observed.Results1. Fetal rat’s body weight and the placenta of the low protein group are bothlighter compared to the control group inday the20of gestation;the body weight of the low protein group is lighter compared to the control group during the first30days after birth,and catch up with the control group at the age of8months and3months for the male and female respectively,then exceed the control group.2. The fetal kidney of the low protein group rats is significantly lighter than the control group fetal rats’;The kidney of the low protein group rats is lighter than the control group rats’in5months,too; but the weight of the female’s right kidney and the male’s both kidneys catch up with the control group’s at the age of24months.3. The urinary protein content of the low protein group rats at the age of24months is higher compared to the control grouprats’; the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine of the low protein group are both higher at the age of11months,12months,15months and18months compared to the control group respectively.4. The blood pressure of the low protein group rats is lower than the control group rats’ in2months.The male rat’s systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure catch up with the control group at the age of3months and7months respectively,and the female rat’s systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure catch up with the control group at the age of5months and4months age respectively, then exceed.Conclusions:The protein-restricted diet for pregnant SD rats resulted fetal growth restriction(FGR). The offspring appears catching-up growth after birth and the adults appear high blood pressure. It also may affect fetal kidney development,resulted in the rise of kidney damage susceptibility and the decline of the renal function.