| Objiective: To investigate the prevalence of vision, refractive condition andcorrelative influencing factors among the primary school and middle school studentsin Chenzhou, get know of their eye-using behavior and health,screan out the riskfactors affecting the incidence and development of myopia,and explore the effectiveways and means to prevent and control myopia.Methods:52536students in all primary and middle in the urban were examinedwith eyes,height and weight.Those whose uncorrected visual acuity less than5.0checked by computer optometry.11374students and parents investigated with thequestonaire by clster random sampling method,and the data of the students’ eye-usinghealth, eating habits etc,were statistically analyzed.Results:1．The low visua ratio of all the urban primary and middle school students’ was47.50%, the primary students’34.01%,the middle school students’62.10%,the ratioincreased by the age, severe low vision increased from the third-grade0.71%tofourth-grade9.90%and to fifth-grade25.00%.2．The main problem of low vision was that myopia accounted for70.01%. Myopiaratio of primary school students was22.57%, junior high school48.84%. Low myopiaratio of primary school was37.04%, moderate myopia25.31%, and the ratio wasdecreased with aging.The ratio of middle school were respectively35.47%and29.05%; The ratio of high myopia increased obviously, from5.05%of primaryschool to6.24%of middle school.Girls’ myopia ratio was37.20%higher than that ofboys’34.50%, the difference was significance (P=0.000<0.001).3．Astigmatism analysis of students by gender, girls’ astigmatism was22.59%, boys’22.65%, Hyperopic astigmatism happened among the6to8years old children,andgradually decreased sincethe age of7,but the myopic astigmatism proportion rise andgot more than that of hyperopic astigmatism at the age of9, and continued to rise 87.98%.when15years old.The differences tof the astigmatism ratio of all ages weresignificant (P <0.001).4．The myopia ratio of the key middle schools myopia was61.21%which was foundto be higer than the normal middle schools46.57%; by the sample survey.That of thekey primary school was32.1%higher than the normal ones28.46%, The differencesbetween the key school and normal ones were significant (P <0.005).5．The myopia ratio of those children whose parents were myopia was58.30%, andthe non-myopia ratio was41.70%;the myopia ratio of those children whose parentsnon-myopia was29.90%, the non-myopic ratio was70.10%, the differences weresignificant (P <0.001). The myopia tatio of the children who had myopic siblingsaccounted for39.0%,those whose brothers or sisters were not myopic was34.0%, thedifference between the two was significant (χ2=29.555, P=0.000<0.001).6．The students of myopia relatively had more learning pressure,better grades, morebad eye-using habits, more eye-using time and more homework time each might thanthose who were not myopia. The difference was significant (P <0.05). The myopiaratio increased with the lasting of video time.The myopia group outdoor activitiesless than non-myopia group,and the myopia ratio higher than non-myopia.Thedifference was singnificant.The myopia ratio decreased with the increased time ofoutdoor activities.The myopia group had more food-piching phenomena,shortersleeping time and worse sleep quality;The obesity ratio of myopia group was higerthan the non-myopia group,the difference was significant (P <0.05).7．As to the attitude towards myopia’s understanding and prevention;50.38%studentsdidn’t take it as a disease and didn’t think it was harmful.63.12%students did the eyeexercise seriously but only27.7%of them thought it was useful,32.57%of myopiastudents could insist on wearing glasses,71.85%students wearing glasses thought thevision would get worse after glasses-wearing,83.15%students took aperiodiceye-check.8．65.78%parents in our survey thought myopia was a disease and harm,50.68%prevents thought it was preventable, but70.11%of them thought the vision woulddecrease after glass-wearing.;58.72%parents didn’t teach their chirdren the scientific eye using and care.9．Myopia risk factors analysis showed that the age, female, myopic parents,, eachstudy and homework eye-using time, obesity,food-picking were significant correrativeinfluence factors of myopia.The playtime and outdoor exercise were protectivefoctors of myopia.Conclusions and Suggestions：1. The low vision students incidence of Chenzhou urban primary and middle schoolstudents is high.The main reason is refractive error, and myopia accounts for the mostimportant part,which develops progressively as the myopia ratio and degree increasedwith aging. Analyse the refractive condition to know the crrelative reasons.It isnecessary to establish the screaning process of low vision and take regular monitor.2. The etiology of myopia is complex, which mainly results from genetic andenvironmental factors. Age, female, myopic parents,, each study and homeworkeye-using time, obesity,food-picking are the most risk factors. The playtime andoutdoor exercise are protective factors of myopic in our survey.3. Most students and parents do not realize the dangers of myopia, do not know thescientific eye-using knowledge and lack of myopia prevention knowledge4. The visual change of Chenzhou urban primary and middle school suggests that weshould begin with the high-risk people when preventing and controlling the refractiveerrors of studentsIt is the early comprehensive interfere to the low-grade pupils which focuses onthe scientific, reasonable arrangements of study and relax playtime. Mainly toalleviate the burden on the use of eyes and the establish a good eye-using behavior.Improve parents knowledge towards myopia and their scientific eye-using as to playan important role in myopia prevention. |
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