| With the rapid development of economy, environment pollution is becomingmore and more serious. Monitoring of the water in the past are more concentrated inheavy metals and chemical contaminants, few monitoring of microbial indicators wascarry out. The conventional microbiological monitoring project has been unable tocomplete the tasks which were consisting of water pollution monitoring and waterquality evaluation. Diseases and infectious diseases caused by contacts and drinkcontaminated water gradually increased; it also has a negative impact on people’shealth and social stability. Therefore, new microbial indicators should be revised inexisting microorganism’s project standards which is particularly urgent. Microbiologyindicator survey was carry out in North and Northwest surface water in China in2010-2011; we also evaluate microbial indicators, and analyze the correlation betweenmicrobial indicators. This article has a comprehensive understanding of the North andNorthwest surface water microbial pollution in China, provides the basic data forChina’s water pollution control and water-epidemic prevention, provides a scientificbasis for further study on microbial indicators suited to China’s surface water.Research Significance Less research in surface water was studied at the present stagein China, water quality standards mostly refer to the United Nations and developedcountries. This hampers the rational use of water resources and water qualitymanagement in China. Most of the research is the investigation of chemicalcontaminants analysis, the study of microbial indicators is less. This topic hasfirst-hand comprehensive and reliable data. The data provides guidance and basis foruse of water resources and water quality management, prevent microbialcontamination of the water and improve the health status of the water. The articlefurther study the relationship between the indicators, explore the suitable microbialcontamination indicator in surface water and provide a scientific basis for the countryto develop and modify the surface water quality standards. Research Content and Method From September2010to October2011, watersamples were collected from rivers, lakes and reservoirs in North and NorthwestChina. We generally select two samples from the middle of the river and the shore inone section, three sampling point are generally selected in lakes and reservoirs,inhalant region, exhalant region and deep region. The water samples were sampledfrom0.3meters below the water surface, the sample volume is10L in each samplepoint. Water sampling is important to prevent the pollution of the water samples. Thegeneral samples can be sampled directly from the bridge, ship can be used in whichcannot be directly sampled location. Tag them, and determine the temperature, pH,GPS, latitude and longitude of the sampling points, fill the registration form.Watersamples stored in the shadows, and should be tested in4hours.Result Water temperature in wet and dry period difference was statistically significant(t=17.417, P <0.01). Aerobic bacterial count in wet dry period difference wasstatistically significant (t=3.483, P <0.01); total coliforms in wet and dry perioddifference was statistically significant (t=4.004, P <0.01). Indicator bacteria indifferent sampling position of the same sampling point are not statistically significant.There is a good correlation between the five indicator bacteria, but only total coliformand water temperature correlation was statistically significant(r=0.265， P＜0.05).Evaluating water quality from the total bacteria indicators,68water sampleswere belong to the α-pollution zone with a ratio of72.3%. Evaluating water qualityFrom the total coliform indicators，in Wet period class I source water ratio of29.8%,72.3%in dry period. Evaluating water quality from fecal coliform indicators, ninesampling points belong to class I water, five sampling points belongs toⅡ Water, onesampling point belongs to class III water, one sampling point belongs to class IVwater, no sampling point belongs to V water, three sampling points are inferior classV water. Evaluating water quality from Escherichia coli and Enterococci indicators,23water samples exceeded with a failure rate of24.47%. Evaluating water qualityfrom the ratio of the fecal coliform and Enterococci, most of the water samples werepolluted by human fecal contamination, the proportion of total water samples was27.66%. Wet period water quality was slightly worse than the dry period water quality.River water quality was slightly worse than the water quality of reservoirs and lakes. Conclusion Yellow River and Haihe River were affected by human activities,industrial wastewater, agricultural irrigation water and sewage pollution caused somecontamination. Lakes and reservoirs due to the larger protected in good condition,contamination was better. Wet period water quality is slightly worse than the dryperiod water quality. There is a strong correlation between the five bacteria indicators. |
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