Applied Anatomy Of Intrusive Operations Of Sacral Cyst

Objective:This experiment focuses on exploring to quickly identify sacral foramen and sacral hiatus through the the sacral bony landmarks, and clarify its positional relationship with sacral ganglion, to provide anatomical guidance of the angle and depth of the needle for interventional operation through sacral foramen or sacral hiatus.Methods:15adult cadavers were included.1.The shape and location of the second sacral foramen with posterior superior iliac spine were measured. the transverse diameter of the second sacral foramen, the inside spacing of the hole between left and right sacral, the distance between the hole of first and second sacral foramen, second and third sacral foramen were measured, open the wall of the posterior caudal, the depth of each sacral foramen and the distance to the sacral ganglion were measured.2. The distance and angle between the sacral hiatus and the sacral ganglion and the triangle formed by left and right posterior superior iliac spine and the midpoint of the sacral cornu were measured, a detailed study of various anatomical measurements on the sagittal section were conducted, the angle and depth of the inserted puncture needle were recorded.Results:Combined measurements indicated that the second sacral foramen was located46.4±13.1degrees,2.15±0.35cm from the posterior superior iliac spine in both sexes, with a statistical trend toward a greater angle in females, but was significantly shorter in females. The mean values of the distance between the first sacral foramen and second sacral foramen is1.31±0.24cm, second sacral foramen and third sacral foramen is1.34±0.17cm respectively, with no significant difference between sexes. The sacral hole depth from top to bottom is in descending order, average distance from the midpoint of the sacral cornu to the end of the coccyx is5.73 ±0.81cm. Both sides of the posterior superior iliac spine and the midpoint of sacral cornu constitute an isosceles triangle, the depression angle of needle from the sacral hiatus average is60.4degrees. Distance from midpoint of both sides of the sacral hiatus to Lower Bound of the dural is greater than to the third sacral ganglion, shorter than to the first and second midpoint of sacral ganglia.Conclusion:This study summed up surface location of sacral foramen and sacral hiatus, clarified its body surface, depth, positional relationship with sacral ganglion and the best angle for needle piercing, these measurements findings can help clinicians perform safer diagnosis and treatment on the sides sacral cyst, but also provides a useful reference for caudal anesthesia, sides RF rhizotomy, and ultrasound examination.