Investigation And Analysis Of Farmers’Fertilization Status On Rice

In order to understand the current situation of fertilization in China, the farmers’ fertilization behavior in Jiangxi province and Jiangsu province were investigated. Combined with agricultural production data and literature, the status of fertilizer application on rice was analyzed and evaluated in Jiangxi and Jiangsu province. The conclusions are as follows:1. The total fertilizer consumption of Jiangxi province was increased in recent years compared with1980s. From1985to2011, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer consumption was increased at first and then was decreased. Potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer consumption increased rapidly. The application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were stable now, but the compound fertilizer consumption would be still increasing. Compared to1995, the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizer in2011were increased by42.1%,87.9%,141.8%and204.2%, respectively. And nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer were primary in the fertilizer consumption structure.2. The average application amount in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of late rice in2011were respectively226.49kg/hm2、84.96kg/hm2、100.3kg/hm2.The average yield was6385.35kg/hm. The coefficient of variation was17.7%. Only20%of the farmers could achieve high yield and high efficiency. In the early rice of2012, the average rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were197.93kg/hm2、93.34kg/hm2、117.41kg/hm2, respectively. The average yield was5435.83kg/hm2and the coefficient of variation was19.2%. And the percent of farmers who achieved high yield and high efficiency was about15%.3.87.7%of farmers used base fertilizer in late rice of2011in Jiangxi province.42.25%,37.97%and12.3%of farmers applied once, twice and three times respectively in top dressing. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were almost two times higher applied in base fertilizer than one in top dressing. In early rice of2012, the percent of farmers who applied base fertilizer for once, two times and three times were97.12%,92%,7.91%and3.6%, respectively.The overall trend was similar to the late rice in2011.But the N, P2O5and K2O application were less than late rice. The fertilization method was based on sprinkle application in both two rice crops.4. In basal fertilization of2011late rice,94%of farmers applied compound fertilizer.49%of farmers applied urea. And the percent of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride were less than20%. In top dressing,77%of farmers used urea.68%of farmers used compound fertilizer and18%used potassium chloride. Few farmers used ammonium bicarbonate and calcium superphosphate. And only8.02%of the farmers applied organic fertilizer. In early rice of2012,89%of farmers used compound fertilizer,79%used urea and the other fertilizer was little used in basal fertilization. The percent of compound fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride application were37%,83%and34%in top dressing, respectively. In addition, only17.27%of farmers applied organic fertilizer.21%of farmers used the dressing ratio of3:7-4:6in the fertilization process in2011late rice and73%of farmers used7:3in early rice of2012.5. Compared to the1980s, the total fertilizer consumption increased in recent years. From1985to1998, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer increased rapidly. They increased slowly and even decreased after1998. The rate of potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer application increased year by year. The potassium fertilizer reached a steady state after2004. But the compound fertilizer would still increase. In recent years, the average consumption of potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer were21million tons/y and94million tons/y, respectively. Fertilizer consumption structure was based on nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer.6. The average nitrogen application rate of rice in Jiangsu province was336.7kg/hm, and the average yield was8131.8kg/hm2. With the increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen partial factor productivity showed a downward trend. Only33.2%of the farmers achieved high yield and high efficiency, and the average nitrogen rate was278.7kg/hm.