| In recent years, soil acidification is serious, and the area of soil acidification is increasing year by year. Soil acidification can accelerate the decline of soil pH, the activation of some toxic heavy metal elements in soil and leaching a large amount of nutrients. Due to these changes, soil acidification leads to the declining of soil fertility so that it will affect the crop normal growth. Therefore, soil acidification has become one of the important limitations for crop production. The effects of different kinds (lime kind and amino acids kind) and different doses of soil amendments on rice and rape growth, crop yield and different organs’nutrient absorption and accumulation were studied by the way of field experiment; by the way of combination of field and pot experiments, the effects of different kinds (lime kind and amino acids kind) and different doses of soil amendments on soil acidity, nutrient content and different doses of lime kind amendments on soil available Pb, Cd, Cu content were investigated in this paper. The aims of this research were to find the best kind, dose and environmental-friendly acidification soil amendment, to provide theoretical basis for its application widely. The main results were as follows:1. Rice, rapeseed yield were increased significantly by applying lime kind and amino acids kind amendments. Applying amino acids kind amendment for improving crop yield was better than lime kind amendment. When applying lime kind amendment, rice was increased2.37%-16.66%, rapeseed was increased2.67%-10.45%(applying one time),7.39%-16.31%(applying two times); When applying amino acids kind amendment, rice was increased17.99%-24.99%, rapeseed was increased7.27%-12.90%(applying one time),9.15%-19.72%(applying two times). Applying amino acids kind amendment44L/hm2works best, rice was increased24.99%, rapeseed was increased12.90%-19.72%.2. Rice seed setting rate and thousand seed weight were improved by applying lime kind and amino acids kind amendments. Furthermore, rape plant height, branch number, seed number of per pod and thousand seed weight were also increased. As a result, their aboveground biomasses were increased. Rice aboveground biomass was increased 251～3613kg/hm2. Rape upper biomass was increased476-1115kg/hm2when applying the amendment in one time; moreover, rape upper biomass was increased742-1744kg/hm2when applying the amendment in two times.3. During the rice season, applying lime kind and amino acids kind amendments can significantly promote the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg that in rice’s various organs. In these treatments, the best effect was appeared when applying amino acids kind amendment44L/hm2. During the rape reason, applying lime kind and amino acids kind amendments all can increase N content in rape pod shell, P content in rape seed in different degrees. To improve the N content in different organs of rapeseed, K content in rapeseed, Ca, Mg content in rape stem and pod shell, it was better to apply amendment in two times. However, to improve P content in different organs of rapeseed, the best effect was achieved when applying amendment at one time.4. During the rice reason, soil pH was increased when using the lime kind and amino acids kind amendments. By this way, soil available nitrogen content was reduced in different level, the contents of soil organic matter, available P, available K, exchangeable Ca and Mg were increased. As a result, soil fertility promoted. To compare with the control group, soil pH was increased0.30-0.71units, the range of soil organic matter, available P, available K, exchangeable Ca and Mg content was increased0.44～1.60g/kg,2.43～4.99mg/kg,2.49～22.38mg/kg,0.52～1.43cmol/kg,0.28-0.62cmol/kg, respectively. What is more, when combined the usage of lime kind amendment and organic fertilizer, soil pH, the content of soil organic matter and exchangeable Ca were better enhanced. Applying amino acids kind amendment44L/hm2can better enhance soil available P, available K, and applying lime kind amendment1200kg/hm2can better enhance the content of soil exchangeable Mg. During the rapeseed reason, to compare with the control group, the groups which were applied the soil amendments increased the content of soil available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg at different periods after rape planting. By using amendments twice, the soil pH can be better increased rather than once.5. The soil pollution content can be reduced when applying the lime kind amendments on the compound pollution soil, such as soil available Pb, Cd and Cu. Moreover, with the increase of lime kind amendments’ amount and the cultivation time, the content of soil available Pb, Cd and Cu was decreased.In summary, using the lime kind and amino acids kind amendments can adjust soil acidity in different degrees, activate soil nutrient, and promote nutrient adsorption and accumulation of rice and rapeseed. Thereby, the biomass of their overground part and yield are increased. However, in practical application, they should be applied according to local conditions. In the serious area of soil acidification, the application of600kg/hm2for lime kind amendment, and combine with the application rate of1500kg/hm2for organic fertilizer is recommended. For the soil which has the potential to be the acidic soil, the application rate of44L/hm2for amino acids kind amendment is recommended, and it should be applied continuously. |
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