Studies On The Fertilization Situation Of The Main Peach Orchard In The North Of China

As the necessary major element for the growth and development of fruit tree, N、P and K were significance important for peach production. Based on data collected from survey of farmer interview and agricultural statistics database, the characteristics of N、P and K application and its surplus were studied through N、P and K balance method in the main peach orchard in the north of China.The survey and analysis results were as follows:1、 The peach orchard nutrient input were manly NPK compound fertilizer、Ammonium bicarbonate and urea, the survey found.85%of farmers used the organic fertilizer.Organic fertilizer input level was higher than chemical fertilizer input level. The main component was livestock and poultry. The NPK fertilizer inputs through the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer were2391kg-hm-2、1795kg·hm-21399kg·hm-2respectively. The NPK fertilizer inputs investment proportion was1:0.75:0.59.2、There are85%of farmers used the organic fertilizer the survey found.44%of farmers applied base fertilizer in spring, the others in autumn. The top application period was dispersed and the number of fertilizer was less. Top dressing for1time accounted for55%,2times accounted for37%, and3times accounted for8%.3、The soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content、the soil available phosphorus content and soil available potassium content in the main peach orchard in the north of China was82.35mg·kg-1,102.25mg-kg-1and50.08mg·kg-1respectively.64.66%of the peach orchard soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content was in lack state. Among these peach orchards,12.22%of the peach orchard soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content was in exceeding lack state. Only8.89%of peach orchard soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content was in rich state.97.75%of peach orchard soil available phosphorus was beyond the middle level. Among these peach orchards, there were75.71%and19.77%peach orchard soil available phosphorus content was in rich state and more rich state.67.35%of the peach orchard soil available potassium content was in lack state. Among these peach orchards,12.76%of the peach orchard soil available potassium content was in exceeding lack state. Only12.24%of peach orchard soil available potassium content was in rich state.4、There was not strong correlation between nitrogen and potassium input and soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content and soil available potassium content. With the improvement of phosphorus input, the available phosphorus content showed a rising trend. The nitrogen, phosphor and potassium of the peach orchard were in surplus state. The surplus of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium were1138.3kgN·hm-2、881.69kgP5O2·hm-2and625.05kg K2O·-2respectively.The sample which the soil available phosphorus content was above50mg·kg-1accounted for60%. The soil available phosphorus average content above50mg P·kg-1to load value reached1.20.5、With the increase of NPK fertilizer input, the output showed firstly increase and then decrease trend.The output decreased when NPK fertilizer input reached900kg-hm"2、600kg·hm-2、700kg·hm-2respectively.