Function Evaluation And Study On Comprehensive Agronomic Effect Of The Maize Precise Planter With Stubble Rotary Tillage, Subsoil And Whole Layer Fertilization

The existed problems of farming, fertilizing and sowing methods on maize wereanalyzed. The aim of this experiment was to establish the simplified fertilization plantingpatterns of maize, which could simplify agronomic measures and improve the efficiency ofmaize production. Combining agricultural machinery and agronomy, this study developedthe maize precise planter with stubble rotary tillage, subsoil and whole layer fertilization. Afield experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization plantingpatterns on physical and chemical properties of soil, and photosynthetic characters,nutrients uptake and utilization and yield traits of maize. The main results are shown asfollows:1. Compared with the conventional patterns, the simplified patterns, which adoptedthe subsoiling to break up plough bottom, could significantly decrease soil bulk density of10-40cm soil layer in maize emergence stage, floet trail stage, head sprouting and mature.The soil bulk density of each period were decreased by11.30%~12.13%,9.06%~10.53%,7.05%~9.87%and6.62%~9.48%in Longhua town and Pengcun village, respectively. Thesoil water content of seed row0-70cm soil layer in each period were increased by2.09%~6.95%,4.53%~6.53%,3.12%~4.22%and4.74%~5.68%, respectively.2. The simplified patterns applied the whole maize season fertilizer to the root denselayer of8-25cm at one time, and the fertilizer were divided into7layers, like “tower”.Consequently, compared with the conventional patterns, the simplified patterns couldimprove the content of seed row soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thecontent of soil available nitrogen in10-50cm soil layer were increased by9.49~12.79,10.64~14.54,10.64~11.51and6.32~12.90mg/kg in each period, respectively. The contentof soil available phosphorus in0-70cm soil layer were increased by7.55~8.99,5.43~7.72,6.43~6.52and10.35~13.03mg/kg in each period, respectively. The soil availablepotassium content of0-10(with the exception of emergence stage),10-30,30-50and50-70cm in each period were increased by7.11~9.10,10.99~11.98,3.50~4.28and1.76~2.65mg/kg on average, respectively.3. Compared with the conventional patterns, simplified patterns could enhance theleaf area index (LAI) by6.9%~8.6%and10.3%~10.5%, and the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) by5.9%~6.5%and9.4%~10.8%in head sprouting and mature; enhancepopulation leaf area duration (LAD) by7.0%~8.1%; increase nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium uptake efficiency by19.4%~24.8%,15.4%~17.4%,13.3%~16.1%, and increasenitrogen, phosphorus and potassium partial factor productivity by3.8%~5.2%, respectively.In addition, the stem diameters and dry matter accumulation were increased, and thecomponents of yield were improved. Finally, the maize yield in this treatment wasincreased by3.8%and5.2%, and the income was increased by1323.35and1684.13yuan/hm2in Longhua town and Pengcun village, respectively.