| To win high yield and improve the efficiency of resource utilization,field experiments were conducted to study canopy characteristics, waterconsumption characteristics and grain yield under wide bed planting methods asthree spacing intervals of7cm (KF7),12cm (KF12) and17cm (KF17)) andconventional drilling planting methods (CK) with two spike-type winter wheatcultivars (large-spike cultivar Lankao Aizao8and multi-spike cultivar Aikang58,which were widely used in Henan province.) for two growth seasons (2010~2012).The main experimental results were as follows:1. Effects of spacing intervals on canopy characteristics in winter wheat underwide bed planting methodsThe results showed that compared with conventional drilling planting methods,leaf area index (LAI), mean leaf angle (MLA), light interception (LI) and relativehumidity for wide bed planting methods was higher, while the canopy temperatureand canopy openness (CO) was lower. LAI, MLA, LI and relative humidity decreased,and CO and temperature increased with spacing interval increased under wide bedplanting methods. LAI had a change with mono-peak curve, and reached themaximum on the booting stage. After anthesis stage decay rate of LAI is different inthe spacing intervals, decay rate of LAI for Aikang58reached maximum for thetreatment of KF7and reached minimum for the treatment of KF12, while LankaoAizao8reached maximum for the treatment of KF17and reached minimum for thetreatment of KF7. MLA also showed a single peak-curve, and the curve appeared at20d after anthesis, then fell down, the falling speed was the slowest with Aikang58for the treatment of KF12and Lankao Aizao8for the treatment of KF7. Differentfrom LAI and MLA, CO of wheat changed in “V” shape, and the curve appeared inthe anthesis, while the LI at all levels reduced gradually along with the advance ofgrouting process. Canopy temperature decreased and canopy relative humidityincreased in vertical way from upper level to lower level. On the whole, canopy architecture presented reasonable and light interception was sufficient and fillingmicroclimate showed favorable even for treatment KF12to Aikang58, and KF7toLankao Aizao8.2. Effects of spacing intervals on water consumption characteristics in winterwheat under wide bed planting methodsThe results showed that compared with conventional drilling planting methods,water consumption and WUE for wide bed planting methods was higher whileevaporation capacity was lower. WUE was the highest and evaporation was relativelower for treatment KF12in Aikang58, and KF7in Lankao Aizao8. Ripening soilpondage and average evaporation and accumulative evaporation decreased and totalwater consumption increased with spacing interval decreased under wide bedplanting methods. The peak period of water consumption was different in differenttreatment, the amount of water consumption was mostly in bloom growing periodbetween jointing and anthesis for treatment CK, and in grain filling period fromanthesis to maturity for wide bed planting methods in Aikang58. while the amountof water consumption was mostly in grain filling period from anthesis to maturity fortreatment CK, KF7and KF12, and in early growing stage between sowing andwintering for treatment KF17in Lankao Aizao8.3. Effects of spacing intervals on the ageing process in winter wheat under widebed planting methodsThe activity of protective enzyme system for two wheat cultivars wassignificantly enhanced under wide bed planting methods, and delay plant senescence.The content of chlorophyll dropped and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)increased after anthesis, and with single peak curve for the activity of peroxidase(POD) and catalase (CAT) and wavy changes for the activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD). The results showed that compared with conventional drillingplanting methods, chlorophyll degradation in wheat leaves delayed, content of MDAdecreased, activity of antioxidant enzymes increased with wide bed planting methods.The content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and grain yieldwas the highest in Aikang58for treatment KF12, secondly for treatment KF17, thelowest for treatment KF7and increased with spacing intervals decreased in LankaoAizao8during the late grain filling period, while MDA changed on the other hand indifferent treatments and cultivars. The content of chlorophyll and the activity ofantioxidant enzymes was the highest, and the content of MDA was the lowest in Aikang58for treatment KF12and in Lankao Aizao8for treatment KF7.4. Effects of spacing intervals on grain yield in winter wheat under wide bedplanting methodsThe colony in two wheat cultivars presented a single peak curve, and thebiomass and grain weight changed as “S” shape during growth period. Comparedwith conventional drilling planting methods, the colony and biomass and grainweight of winter wheat for wide bed planting methods was higher. The colony in twowheat cultivars increased with spacing intervals decreased. The dry matteraccumulation and grain weight was the highest in Aikang58for treatment KF12andin Lankao Aizao8for treatment KF7. The spikes numbers and grain yield per unitarea of wide bed planting methods in two wheat cultivars were higher than CK, andspikes numbers per per unit area decreased with spacing intervals increased. Spikesnumbers per unit area increased by4.80%~21.05%and yield increased by2.96%~15.94%in Aikang58under wide bed planting methods comparing with CK,and grain number per spike and grain weight were the highest in Aikang58fortreatment KF12, lowest for treatment KF7. Spikes numbers per unit area increasedby2.12%~15.56%and yield increased by0.47%~13.70%in Lankao Aizao8underwide bed planting methods comparing with CK, and grain number per spike andgrain weight were higher than CK, and grain number per spike increased and grainweight decreased with spacing intervals decreased. It can be concluded that the grainyield was the highest in the multi-spike cultivar Aikang58for treatment KF12and inthe large-spike cultivar Lankao Aizao8for treatment KF7. |
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