The Application Of Rice Husk And Silkworm Faeces In Submerged Culture And Solid Culture Of The Edible Fungi

The application of rice husk and silkworm faeces in submerged cultureand solid culture of the edible fungi （Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii,Agrocybe aegirita） were studied. During the work, the effects of using ricehusk as the carbon source and silkworm faeces as the nitrogen source on themycelia growth of edible fungi under the liquid submerged culture and on thefruitbody growth under the solid culture were studied, and the cheap and highquality carbon source and nitrogen source and their optimum concentrationrates were found. In order to improve the mycelial output in the submergedmedium primary comprised by ice husk and silkworm faeces, the effects ofaquatic extraction solution from P. eryngii residue and cultivation liquid fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae on the mycelia growth of edible fungi under theliquid submerged culture and the effects of ions on cellulase activities werealso preliminary determined. The main research results were presented asfollowing,1. Glucose and K2CO3as organic and inorganic control carbon source, thedry weight and peloton density of mycelium of P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and A.aegirita by submerged culture using glucose as carbon source were studied, theresults showed that,（1）the dry weight of mycelium of P. ostreatus, P. eryngiiand A. eaegirita were1.7737g/100mL,1.8343g/100mL and2.0767g/100mLrespectively when3%rice husk power were used as carbon source, which werehigh79%,44%and11%respectively to that when3%K2CO3were used ascarbon source; and the dry weight of mycelium of P.ostreatus and P. eryngiiwere higher to41%and25%respectively than that when3%glucose wereused as carbon source, and the dry weight of mycelium of A. eaegirita was92%of that when3%glucose were used as carbon source. As for P. ostreatusand P. eryngii, the mycelium peloton in the medium was small with high density if rice husk power were used as carbon source; as for A. aegirita, themycelia growth was better on rice husk power and glucose. However, usingK2CO3as carbon source, the mycelia growth of the three kinds of mushroomwere all worst.（3）2%,3%,4%and5%rice husk powder were used as carbonsource respectively, the mycelium growth of three kinds of mushroom werestudied, the results showed that: the optimum rice husk powder concentrationsof P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and A. aegirita were4%,2%and3%respectively;and the dry weight of mycelium of three kinds edible fungi was A. aegiritam＞P. eryngii＞P. ostreatus.2. Peptone and K2NO3as organic and inorganic control nitrogen source,the dry weight and peloton density of mycelium of P. ostreatus, P. eryngii andA. aegirita by submerged culture using silkworm faeces as carbon source werestudied, the results showed that,（1）The utilization of the three kinds of ediblefungi on the nitrogen was similar, the dry weight of mycelium of P. ostreatus, P.eryngii and A. aegirita were2.2543g/100mL,1.1173g/100mL and0.7559g/100mL respectively when1%silkworm faeces power as nitrogen,which to78%,98%and97%of peptone control respectively, and which high25%,57%and94%than K2NO3control respectively. The mycelium peloton inthe medium was small with high density if silkworm faeces power and peptonewere used as nitrogen sources.（2） When1%,1.5%,2%and2.5%silkwormfaeces powder as nitrogen source of the three kinds of mushroom, the resultsshowed that:1%silkworm powder was the best nitrogen source for P.ostreatus and A. aegirita, and0.5%silkworm faeces powder was the bestnitrogen source for P. eryngii.3. The biology efficiency of producing mushrooms were studied when thedifferent ratios of silkworm faeces and rice husk （98:0,78:20,58:40,38:60,18:80and0:98） as major solid cultivation materials of P. ostreatus and P.eryngii. The results showed that: as for P. ostreatus, when the rate of silkwormfaeces and rice husk was58:40, the biology efficiency of producingmushrooms was highest, which was64.21%and reached to90.2%ofcottonseed hull control; when the rate was18:80, the number of days whichwas the time that the mycelium growth the full pockets was the shortest. As for P. eryngii, when the rate was38:60, the biology efficiency of producingmushrooms was highest, which was104.02%and reached to90.2%of thecottonseed hull control, and the number of days which was the time that themycelium growth the full pockets was the shortest.4. The effects of aquatic extraction solution from P. eryngii residue andcultivation liquid from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the mycelia growth of treesorts of edible fungi under the liquid submerged culture were studied. Theresults showed that, compared to the control,10%and20%aquatic extractionsolution from P. eryngii residue increased significantly the mycelia ouputs of P.ostreatus and P. eryngii, and the dry weight of mycelia were2.2805g/100mLand1.8899g/100mL respectively, which were67%and3%higher than thecontrol respectively.10%and50%aquatic extraction solution from P. eryngiiresidue increased significantly the peloton density of P. ostreatus and P. eryngii,the peloton numbers were92and65per millilitre respectively, which were114%and71%higher than the control respectively. But this aquatic extractionsolution restrains the growth of A. aegirita among the tested concentrations（10%-80%）. And when adding40%of cultivation liquid from S. cerevisiae,the mycelia product of P. ostreatus and P. eryngii are4.5122g/100mL and3.6640g/100mL respectively, which were275and156%higher than thecontrol respectively. The mycelia product of A. aegirita was4.1263g/100mL in50%of cultivation liquid from S. cerevisiae, which was201%higher than thecontorl. Compared to the control,60%cultivation liquid from S. cerevisiaeremarkably increased the peloton density of P. ostreatus to98per millilitre,which was46%higher than the contorl.50%cultivation liquid from S.Cerevisiae increased significantly the peloton density of P. eryngii and A.aegirita to73and96per millilitre respectively, which were40%and174%higher than the control respectively.5. The effects of ions (Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺and Zn²⁺, their concentrationwere all0.5mM) on cellulase （Filter Paper activity and Cx enzyme） activitiesof P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and A. aegirita by liquid submerged cultures werestudied. The results showed that, FPA activities of the three edible fungireached the peak values in the6thday, compared to the control,0.5mM Mn²⁺and Zn²⁺increased significantly the FPA activities, however,0.5mM Fe²⁺and Cu²⁺inhibited significantly the FPA activities. Compared to the other ions, theactivities were all increased most remarkably by the0.5mM Zn²⁺groups, whichreached to1574U/L,3061U/L and1958U/L, and which were16.2%,37.5%and29.7%higher than the control, respectively.As for Cx produced by P. ostreatus, Mn²⁺and Zn²⁺enhanced significantlythe activity, and the peak activities were on4thand5thday, respectively. Theactivities reached to2412U/L and2969U/L, which were378U/L and1183U/Lhigher than the control. As for Cx produced by P. eryngii, Cu²⁺restrains theactivity remarkably. Zn²⁺increased most remarkably, and the peak activitieswere on5thday, which were3308U/L and1095U/L higher than the control. Asfor Cx produced by A. aegirita, Zn²⁺increased most remarkably, and the peakactivities were on3thday, which were2969U/L and497U/L higher than thecontrol.