Effect Of Single Basal Application Of Several New Type Fertilizers On Maize In Southwestern China

Southwest maize belt is one of China’s three major maize planting belt, but due to a large number of labor force working outside the home, leading to the shortage of rural labor force, so the agricultural planting simplified, include the simplified cultivation demand of the maize is growing, and with emerging of a lot of sustained-release and controlled-release new type fertilizers in recent years, therefore, under the guidance of the national soil and fertilizer research of the national maize industrial technology system, this research select local representative sites in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei provinces of southwest region in2011and2012, the CK, FP, MOF, DB, CF and BF this six treatments are being mutual compared, meanwhile, the maize growth, dry matter accumulation, yield, nutrient accumulation and distribution, soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation which get varieties of new type fertilizers and single basal application is discussed.The main results are as follows:(1) The dry matter accumulation content and rate of CF and BF two new type fertilizer treatments is obviously higher than FP treatment, compared with FP treatment, dry matter accumulation in maturity stage of CF and BF treatment is12.6g/plant and12.4g/plant higher than FP treatment respectively, while MOF and DB treatments have no significant difference with FP treatment.(2) There is no significant difference of grain yield among all fertilization treatments, the CF and BF treatments have higher yield than FP treatment in two years, MOF and DB treatments have no obvious distinction with FP treatment at the same time. It is well known via yield and economic benefit analysis, the fertilizer type and dosage of BF treatment is most worthy widely applied, and the fertilizer type and dosage of CF treatment is also superior.(3) Agronomic characters and yield component manifest the difference between four late-model fertilizer treatments and farmer practice treatment is not significant, the characters of maize under four late-model fertilizers are excellent than FP treatment, compare four late-model fertilizer treatments with FP treatment, the panicle point is increased by1.7～3.3cm, the length of bald is decreased by0.1～0.4cm, the ear length is increased by0.3-1.2cm, the1000-grain weight is increased by5.3-9.7g. The CF and BF treatments are excellent in the agronomic characters, and that CF and DB treatments are outstanding in the yield component.(4) Late-model fertilizer treatments are better than FP treatment in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium absorption effect manifestation, MOF treatment is optimum in Nitrogen absorption, when the CF treatment is optimum in Phosphorus absorption, and that the BF treatment is optimum in Potassium absorption, the maize is not sensitive to Phosphorus and Potassium deficiency than Nitrogen deficiency.(5) The nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the whole soil profile of CK treatment is lowest, the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of each treatment almost trend to decreased with increasing of soil depth. Four new type fertilizer treatments nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the whole soil profile is not low, but it reducing vertical move of soil profile nitrate nitrogen effectively, in the range of60-100cm soil layer, in comparison with four new type fertilizer treatments, nitrate nitrogen accumulation of FP treatment is increased by13.4kg/hm2.In summary, in condition of the experiments, the environmental and economic benefits of the new type fertilizer are significantly better than traditional fertilizer, single basal application on maize planting is also feasible.