Study On The Application Effectiveness And Environmental Effect Of New-type Fertilizer In The Black Soil

The main soil type, as the main corn producing area in Northeast China, is black soil. In recent years, in order to reduce the cost of cultivation and labor, farmers gradually constrain the traditional spring corn fertilization pattern, and are more inclined to make single fertilization. As a result, the new types of fertilizer gradually increase, such as slow-release fertilizer, stability-fertilizer and so on. However, under the same nutrient condition, it is unclear that effect of different types of new fertilizer’s with single fertilization on Ammonia volatilization and N2 O emission. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, increasing yield effect and ammonia volatilization characteristics of different types of new fertilizer on the black soil by field experiment were studies, and N2 O emissions loss of different new fertilizers were assessed by N2 O estimation model, the aim is to provide theories for reasonable fertilization of N for spring corn in northeast China. The main results were as follows:1. The yield has no significant difference for Nitrogen treatments but higher than that of non- N(N0) treatment. Yield with N treatments is between 13002 and 14140kg/hm2; for Nitrogen uptake and utilization, compared with conventional fertilization(Con), controlled-release fertilizers(CRF), sulfur coated fertilizers(SCU) and silicate coated fertilizers(SCF) can promote the nitrogen absorption and utilization, and improve Nitrogen utilization rate 1.44%~14.1%.2. These types of new fertilizers including High-tower fertilizer(HT), stability fertilizer(SF), controlled-release fertilizers(CRF), sulfur coated fertilizers(SCU), urea formaldehyde fertilizer(UF), manure and fertilizer(MF) package silicate coated fertilizers(SCF) were able to inhibit soil ammonia volatilization in different degrees. Compared with conventional fertilization, these 7 kinds of new type fertilizers can reduce the volatilization loss rate 81.84%-140.89%, the soil ammonia volatilization loss reduced to 9.48~12.31 kg N/hm2. The differences of soil loss rate of ammonia volatilization of different types of fertilizers are not obvious.3. N2 O emissions of High-tower fertilizer(HT) and blending fertilizer(BB) were 0.67%~0.68% of nitrogen fertilizer, which were higher than 0.65% of nitrogen fertilizer of others fertilizers, which had no significant difference.4. Compared with conventional fertilizers(Con), controlled-release fertilizers(CRF), sulfur coated fertilizers,(SCU) silicate coated fertilizer(SCF), urea formaldehyde fertilizer(UF), manure and fertilizer(MF) package stability of fertilizers(SF) can effectively reduce the apparent loss of Nitrogen fertilizers from 7.8 to 56.3kg/hm2, and also effectively reduce the apparent N loss 3.5~25.1 kg/hm2.They, with ensuring the soil nitrogen supply and lowering inorganic Nitrogen accumulation, can effectively maintain the soil inorganic Nitrogen content during corn growth in acceptable environment extent.5. The release period of controlled-release fertilizers(CRF), sulfur coated fertilizers(SCU), manure and fertilizer(MF) package silicate coated fertilizers(SCF) release is lasting long. In 28 days, the release rate of them was less than 80%. Differences among nutrient release in fertilizer can account for index difference of production, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen balance.In summary, single fertilization patterns on black soil can apply controlled-release fertilizer(CRF), urea formaldehyde fertilizer(UF), sulfur coated fertilizers(SCU), manure and fertilizer(MF) package silicate coated fertilizers(SCF) and others in northeast of China. These types of fertilizers are not only beneficial for crop’s Nitrogen absorption and utilization and increase production, but also can reduce soil nitrification and relieve potential threats to the environment.