Study On Propagation Of Salacca Zalacca By Air Layering

Salacca zalacca (namely salak) belongs to the genus of Salacca of the family of Palmaeand is endemic to the Malay peninsula to Java island. It was introduced into China20yearsago. Sexual reproduction is an important way of salak propogation, but it is difficult todistinguish male seedlings from female seedlings, and the seedlings by vegetative propagationcan inherit fine traits and sex of the monther plant. Cutting propagation isn’t suitable forSalacca zalacca just because the caudexs of the sprouts are utmostly short and are packed byleaf sheath. In addation, it’s difficult to propagate seedling of Salacca zalacca by the tissueculture technique, only the tissue culture with seed embryo has been successful at present. Sothis paper systematically studied growth law of sprouts, date of air layering, material selection,number of remained leaves, method of making wound, periods for air layering,hormonetreatments, matrix, water supplement after layering, foliage dressing for propagate seedling ofSalacca zalacca. It has constructed preliminarily propagation system of Salacca zalacca by airlayering and opened up an effective way to propagation seedling in our country. The concentsand results of this paper are as follows:1. Since middle of February,2012. we have studied the growth law of sprouts in Ding’an,Wenchang and Chengmai. The result showed that when the stock age was less than2years’ old,the stocks of Salacca zalacca couldn’t take sprouts almost. But the ability of sproutingincreased rapidly with the stock age changing from2years’ old to3years’ old.The sprouts of17years’ old Salacca zalacca’s stock grew less slowly than the sprouts of2or3years’ oldSalacca zalacca’s stock.When the rain frequencies were similar, the study had found thetemperature had a obvious effect on sprout growth. The growth rate of greater sproutsincreased first, then decreased with the temperature changing from23to32℃, but the growthrate of smaller sprouts were always increasing. When the temperatures were similar, all thesprouts were decreasing with the rain frequency increasing; removing sprouts promoted Slaccazalacca to sprout within4months, but had negative effect on Slacca zalacca’s sprouting after4months.2. The effects of ABT#1rooting powder, date for air layering and stock age were studiedto optimize the propagation of Salacca zalacca by air layering. The results showed that amongall the three factors, there weren’t interaction effects, But ABT#1rooting powder, date for airlayering and stock age all had a significant effect on rooting of Salacca zalacca by airlayering.The optimum concentration of ABT#1rooting powder was750mg/L; The optimum date for air layering was in the middle of April; The suitable stock age of Salacca zalacca forair layering should be more than three years.3. The effects of length of the longest leaf, number of remained leaves, methods ofmaking wound and periods for air layering were respectively studied to optimize thepropagation of Salacca zalacca by air layering. The results showed that length of the longestleaf, number of remained leaves, methods of making wound and periods for air layering all hadan obvious effect on rooting of Salacca zalacca by air layering. The optimum length of thelongest leaf, number of remained leaves, methods of making wound and periods for airlayering were respectively100～120cm,four,scrapping stem and four months.4. The effects of medium for air layering, foliage dressing and rainy frequency wererespectively studied to optimize the propagation of Salacca zalacca by air layering. The resultsshowed that medium for air layering, foliage dressing and rainy frequency all had a significanteffect on rooting of Salacca zalacca by air layering. The results showed that the rootingperformance of layers packed with coir dust mixed with latosol was better than the layerspacked with only latosol; The higher concentration nutrient solution could significantlypromoted layer to root, and the optimum concentration of nutrient solution was3000mg/L;The suckers layered in Wenchang city of Hainan had a larger rooting rate and rooting numberthan the suckers layered in Dingan County and Chengmai County, because the rainy frequencyof Wenchang city was lowest in the three areas, the water should be supplied duringair-layering in Wenchang.