Study On The Responses Of Chufa Under Different Nitrogen,Phosphorus And Potassium Application In Arid Climate Region Of Xinjiang

In this test, agronomic trait of five chufa types which from different producing areas and the responsesof chufa under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application in arid climate region of Xinjiangwere studied under plant mulched drip irrigation. The purpose is to filter the best variety which is suitablefor planting in arid climate region of Xingjian, nitrogen, the reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumapplication rate. Put forward planting management and technical regulations in Xinjiang of chufa to guidethe production and scientific fertilization. The main contents and results are as follows,1. In this paper, we have compared growing, tubers uniformity, yield components and oil content offive chufa types which from different producing areas, the results indicate that under this experimentalcondition, the round tuber type especially Henan ones is the best, for its great tuber uniformity, highestyield, ease of harvest and the highest oil content. The yield of Henan round tuber type has reaching1167.55kg/667m², and its crude fat reaching26.79%. Together, if considering high quality, high yield andcost of inputs, Henan round tuber type is the best one, suitable for cultivation and promotion on a largescale.2. In the whole growth period of chufa, the key features of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrientabsorption are nitrogen absorption mainly from the tillering stage to the initial stage of produce tubers, phosphorus absorption mainly from the initial stage of produce tubers to mature stage, potassiumabsorption mainly from the initial stage of produce tubers to exuberant stage of produce tubers. Therefore,topdressing fertilizer of chufa should be in the tillering stage and the initial stage of produce tubers.3. The effects of N, P and K combined application on the growth, yield formation and qualitycharacteristics and nutrient absorption of chufa were studied. The main results are as followsThere was a positive correlation between plant height and yield, tiller numbers and yield, the dry tuberweight per hole and yield, the tuber number of per hole and yield,1000-tuber weight and yield in differentdegree. There was a significant correlation between the tuber number of per hole and yield,1000-tuberweight and yield. The accumulations of nutrient rules are basically identical in the different growth periodsof chufa. There was a positive correlation between yield and nutrient accumulation. The correlation is mostclosely in mature period. It will improve the yield and quality of the chufa if increase the amount offertilizer. The above indicators are promoted the increase of chufa yield in different degree.（1）The best amount of N,P and K fertilizer application for chufa with maximum yield was T3（N67.5kg/ha, P₂O₅94.5kg/ha, K₂O78.75kg/ha）,T7（N67.5kg/ha, P₂O₅94.5kg/ha, K₂O118.125kg/ha）,with theyield reaching1170.49kg/ha and1197.16kg/ha.（2）T3and T7treatments can significantly improve thequality of chufa.（3） Increasing phosphate fertilizer application could increase the crude protein of chufawithin certain limits,T3（N₂P₂K₂）＞T2（N₂P₁K₂）＞T4（N₂P₃K₂）＞T1（N₂P₀K₂）. In nitrogen and phosphorusfertilizer dosage under the same conditions, increasing potash application also can increase crude protein content of chufa significantly, T7（N₂P₂K₃）＞T6（N₂P₂K₁）＞T3（N₂P₂K₂）＞T5（N₂P₂K₀）.The crude proteincontent of T7is highest, reaching10.32%. The crude fat content of T3is the highest, reaching28.89%. Theinfluence of different fertilizer treatment on starch content has no significant difference between the groups,with the increasing of fertilizer rate, the starch content decreased.Overall, three elements in the lack of any kind will significantly affect the growth, yield and quality ofchufa. If considering the factors of quality, high yield, cost of inputs and environmental protection, the T3（67.5kg/ha,94.5kg/ha and78.75kg/ha） fertilizer with comparative advantages. The better fertilizerquantity was T3（67.5kg/ha,94.5kg/ha,78.75kg/ha）, with the ratio of N, P and K is1:1.4:1.17.