| To study the influence of topdressing different fertilizers on yield formation and quality of potato and further verify effects of different fertilizers on potato in Gansu Province.‘The Atlantic’ varieties of virus-free seed potato was employed as experimental material.The pot experiment was carried with following six fertilizer treatments: CK(ammonium nitrate phosphorus compound fertilizer plus instant potassium sulfate);F1(CK plus GH organic chelating liquid fertilizer);F2(CK plus Multiple micro-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);F3(CK plus high-potasium-type massive element in water-soluble fertilizer);F4(CK plus "SAN AN" compound fertilizer);F5(CK plus "Jin Tai Neng" compound fertilizer).Change rule in physiological characteristics,root morphology,yield formation and quality of potato was investigated and these indices above mentioned were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to synthetically evaluate five fertilizers.The results are as follows:1.Different fertilizers significantly improved the physiological indices of the potato.Compared to the control(CK),the plant height and stem diameter with different fertilizer treatments at maturity increased by 7.10%,4.08%,55.56%,72.22% and 28.25% as well as 9.18%,10.30%,12.67%,52.88% and 42.34%,respectively.The SPAD values with five fertilizer treatments rose initially and then declined.The SPAD decreases of F4 was lower than those of the other treatments during the whole growth period,with a decrease of 22.12%.Compared to the CK,the root morphological indices of potato all increased under different fertilizer treatments.The total root length increased by 4.73%-12.16%,the root surface area increased by 12.27%-63.67%,the root volume increased by 10.29%-47.43%,the root diameter increased by 15.38.%-41.54% and the number of root tips increased by 8.06%-27.95%.The difference of different fertilizers application still exists.Among them,F4 treatment had sound effect.2.The production and yield components in potato all were improved after the application of five different fertilizers.Compared to CK,the yield of five fertilizer treatments increased by 20.43%-56.45%,F4 had the highest yield of 30555.00kg/hm2.Although the topdressing fertilizers had no significant effect on the number and mass rates of large-and middle-sized tuber,these indices were improved in numerical aspects.Nevertheless,the topdressing fertilizers had remarkable effects on potato yield per plant and average weight of single tuber,the increases were 20.43%-56.45% and 20.43%-56.45% compared with the CK,which suggested that fertilizer had a significant effect on potato yield and yield composition.3.The effects of different fertilizer treatments on tuber nutritional quality of ‘The Atlantic’ potato were prominent.Compared to the CK,the starch content of tuber increased by 34.47%-125.52%,reducing sugar content increased by 2.60%-25.96%,vitamin C content increased by 34.62%-176.92%,soluble protein increased by 21.98%-30.24%,the content of amino acids and phenols increased by 23.83%-35.13% and 0.76%-78.20%,respectively.Under F4 treatment,the contents of starch,vitamin C and phenols were highest,followed by F3 and under F3 treatment,the contents of reducing sugar,soluble protein and amino acids were highest,followed by F4.The above results show that fertilizations improved the nutritional quality of tubers in potato.4.Correlation analysis showed that plant height was significantly correlated with SPAD,potato yield per plant,yield,the contents of starch and phenols in potato,SPAD had extremely significant positive correlation with potato yield per plant,yield,starch and phenols contents.Small tuber number rate was significantly negatively correlated with the content of soluble protein,amino acids and phenols and instead was extremely significantly negatively correlated with average weight of single tuber.Yield had significant positive correlation with soluble protein and amino acid content and had extremely significant positive correlation with the contents of starch and phenols.5.Based on PCA,the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 3 principal components amounted 92.714%.The PCA score of F4(CK plus "SAN AN" compound fertilizer)treatment was the optimal,followed by F3,F5,F1,F2 and CK in this order,which means that fertilizer regulation effect of F4 is superior to other treatments.Therefore,STANLEY-San an compound fertilizer and Ba Tian high-potasium-type massive element in water-soluble fertilizer are more suitable for the actual production of "the Atlantic" potato. |
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