| Nelumbo nucifera is one of the top-ten traditional famous flowers in China. It has a very high ornamental value, and the cultivation of new varieties has been widespresd concern at home and abroad. In this study, cross-breeding with different plant type, different color, and different pattern lotus, we expect to get parental traits complementary and high ornamental value varieties of lotus. And then explore genetic regularity of the first filial generations from both morphological and molecular field. The results are as follows.1This study do21crossing combinations, get162lotus seeds, and the average seed number is7.71, the average seed rate is56.06%. There are147lotus seeds germinate in spring, the average germination percentage is90.03%.116plants have survived in autumn, and the average survival rate is79.35%.2There are19plants of11crossing generation have already flowering, the total number is65. Among them, S25A, S50F and W06E are excellent varieties of large plant type group. S25A features in splendid color, is univalve and red-color type varities. S50F has white flowers, and belongs to univalve and complex-color lotus variaties. W06E felicerosa is tidy, huge variety of flowers, pentagonal dish, and belongs to double and complex-color lotus variaties. S48B, S51A, W09A, W14A and W14B have breeding ornamental bowl lotus potential. S48B is profuse and presistent with flowers, and the felicerosa is flying shape, belongs to double and red-color type varieties. S51F features in splendid color, the early opening of neat goblet and later become a dish with the petals carried out, belongs to semidouble and red-color type varieties. The outer petals of W09A are ellipsoid, the inner are oblong, and W09A belongs to semidouble and complex-color lotus variaties. W14A and W14B appear pistil petaloid phenomenon, and it means they have potentials of breeding weight bench lotus, belongs to double and pink-color type varieties. These new varieties combine genetic characteristics of both parents, and more excellent than their parents, worthying of promotion and utilization.3We summarize the genetic regulary in flower color and flower pattern in different crossing combinations. In color aspect, the genetic potential of red flowers is higher than white flowers and yellow flowers, and the first filial generations are easy to appear new flower color or intermediate that both parents are not have. In pattern aspect, petals numbers of the first filial generations have rich changes, showing the characteristics of quantitative genetic. But at least one of the parents should be semidouble or double variety if you want to obtain semidouble or double generation. From the point of performance characteristics, the first filial generations have combined the genetic characteristics of both parents. In the same hybrid combination, somg generations are consistent (such as S25and W14), and some have a significant differences (such as W06, W09and W36). It has certain guiding significance in cross-breeding on the choice of parents. But the stability of the first filial generations needs future obversation and statistical analysis.414pairs of fluorescent SSR primers are used to analyse, and the result show that the genetic diversity among first filial generations is in low level. The average amplification success of14pairs primers is99.61%. In first generation,40alleles are detected, with an average of per locus is2.86alleles, and the average number of effective alleles is2.1349. The variation range of observation heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) are0.2328to0.6466and0.2066to0.7017, the mean values are0.4753and0.5051. The Shannon’s information index (Ⅰ) for each locus is from0.3569to1.4131.5We conduct chi-square test among the first filial generations and their parents. And it shows that genotypes that law Mendelia genetic regulay account for92.74%.6Based on Nei’s genetic distance, we do cluster analysis between the first generations and their parents. The results show that the genetic relationship between offsprings and their maternal is closer, accounting for46.55%. The number of offsprings that more closer with their paternal is40, accounting for34.48%. And the variability among offsprings is very large, accounting for18.97%. |
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