The Influence Of Different Fertilizing Measures On Wheat Growth And The Soil Nutrient In Low And Middle Yield Lands

In low and middle yields lands (located in lingxian experimental station of Chinese academy ofagricultural science), this experiment focuses on the influences of different fertilizing measures onwheat growth Characters and soil nutrients. The objective of this research is enhancing the stability ofwheat yield and fertilization of fields. Under different fertilizing measures, this experiment researchedthe growth dynamic of wheat individuals and colony, wheat yields and yield components, nutritionabsorption, interactions of manure and chemical fertilizer to explore the theoretical support of high andstable wheat yield and fertilization mode in the low-yield wheat field. Meanwhile, it researched fertilityand salinity index of wheat fields, distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen to look for a fertilizingmeasures that not only can enhance the fertility of low and middle yields fields, but also can consideratethe environmental benefits. Through one year study got these conclusions:(1) Effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of winter wheat: survey results ofnumber of tillers before winter and spring tillerings show: All fertilizer treatments were higher than thecontrol; different fertilizer quantities treatment（sHF、LF）, tillerings showed no difference in each stage;Treatment HFS, treatment LFM and HFM was significantly higher than treatment HF, LF and thecontrol; there has same results in SPAD value of wheat leaves and plant height in jointing stage. Itshows that straw application or organic fertilizer (commodity chicken manure) contribute to the wheattiller before winter and spring tillerings, increases the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves at jointingstage, and enhance of wheat growth.(2)The influence of different fertilization measures on yield of winter wheat: under the condition ofhigher fertilizer quantity, straw or manure application can increased ear numbers per mu, to achieve ahigher yield in the low and middle wheat fields. Treatments LF, LFM and treatment HF, HFS, HFMhave no significant difference. It shows that fertilization level of N200kg, P110kg K100kg per hectarecan achieve a normal yield. Excessive fertilizer has not a excessive yield, but has an adverse impact onthe environment.(3)Effect of different fertilization measures on the nutrient absorption of winter wheat: Inmedium and low-yield field, manure and straw applying can obviously increase nitrogen and potassiumaccumulation on winter wheat; In the same chemical fertilizer quantity, applying organic fertilizer orstraw can contribute to the accumulation of P in the wheat; the FCR (Fertilizer contribution rate) and AE(Agronomic efficiency)of treatment HFS(chemical fertilizer and straw)and treatment HFM(chemicalfertilizer and chicken manure) are higher than treatment HF(high quantity of chemical fertilizer),suggesting that under the same application of chemical fertilizer, adding chicken manure or straw to thefield can improve the FCR and AE of them.（4）Effect of different fertilization measures on soil nutrient and salinity: The soil organic mattercontent of treatment LFM, HFM (applying chicken manure) and HFS (applying straw) are higher thanother treatments; the soil organic matter content of treatment HF, LF(applying single chemical fertilizer)are higher than treatment CK(no fertilizer); the soil organic matter contents between different chemicalfertilizer amounts are basically the same, suggesting that applying organic materials and chemical fertilizer are helpful to improve soil fertility, and applying organic material is more helpful to quicklyimprove soil fertility. The available potassium content of treatment HFS (chemical fertilizer and straw)is the highest among the treatments. Comparing the soil salts of arable layer, the total salt content oftreatment HFM (applying chicken manure) is obviously lower than treatment HF(applying chemicalfertilizer), the similar conclusion is between treatment LFM and LF, treatment HFS and HF.According to the above research, in medium and low-yield field, increasing fertilization andapplying straw or organic fertilizer (commodity chicken manure) are all helpful to enhance wheatgrowing, increase production, improve soil fertility, but adding organic materials can accelerate theimprovement of soil fertility quickly, and it is obviously helpful to decrease soil obstacle factor (salt) inmedium and low-yield field in North China.