| Euphorbia lathyris L. is a biennial herbaceous plant belongs to Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia, originates from Europe, have been cultivated widely around the world, and also distributes in most areas of China. It’s a traditional Chinese herb medicine, with the effect of hydragogue, detumescence and expelling blood stasis, also can be used for curing advanced schistosomiasis and anti-tumor. E. lathyris is also an ideal energy plant which can be used to extract oil, the oleaginousness is45%in seed, and the percent of C16-C18in all aliphatic acid is more than95%, and the naboom phorbol hexadecanoic acid is one of the best crude material for madding biodiesel. Besides, E. lathyris can be highly used as pesticide and for viewandadmire. Therefore, E. lathyris as a kind of multi-purpose economic crops, with extensive development prospect and useful value.E. lathyris in nature breed by its seeds, but its medicinal part also is seeds, partly to reduce the production of medicinal meterials. In addition, with the artificial planting area increasing, the occurrence of pests and diseases are increased year by year, also caused to a certain amount of production. At present, the study of E. lathyris mainly are concentrating in the component analysis, pharmacological effect cultivation methods and etc, and the use of modern biotechnology for dealing with problems in the production practice is imminent.Artificially induced polyploidy is an important means in breeding of medicinal plants, E. lathyris in nature is diploid (2n=2x=20), and chromosome number is relatively small, and more suitable for artificially inducing polyploidy breed. This study, on the basis of previous research work, the regeneration system has been optimized, and combined with regeneration system, choosing colchicine as inducer, explored to the methods of E. lathyris polyploidy induction, for laying the foundation of polyploidy breeding material which containing vegetative organs and fruit large, strong resistance, high medicinal active component and oil content. The main research results are as follows:1. high efficiency regeneration system optimization of E. lathyris:using stem tips and upper stems as explants, the regeneration system is optimized. The results show that, the callus induction rate of E. Lathyris is from36.8%to73.35%by the optimal culture medium for MS (0.7%AGAR,3.0%sucrose)+1.8mg/L6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA, successive transfer cultivation on the same medium, and the differentiation of bud regeneration number can be reach to3.97. Rooting medium formula is1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA, and the rooting rate can reach to91%.2. The regeneration plants’transplantingChoosing the seedling with stout stem and strong roots for transplanting, the optimum components of nutritional soil is peat, vermiculite, and perlite (ratio3:1:1), soil moisture content is20%for the best, after the successful domestication30d, transplant to field.3. Polyploid induction and identifying of E. lathyris:Adopting co-culture method, and choosing stem tips and upper stems as explants, compared the different colchicine concentrations and treatment times to the induction effect of chromosome doubling. The results show that the optimal culture medium and colchicine concentration are MS+0.3mg/L6-BA+20mg/LCOLC, the optimal treatment time is8d, then transfer to the culture medium of MS without colchicine but containing0.3mg/L6-BA, the survived buds which growing to3cm cultivate on the1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA for rooting induction, the rate of rooting is72%, and the survival rates can be30.48%, the rate of chromosome doubling plants can be up to22.86%, in which including8.57%of autotetraploids and14.29%of chimeras. Identification of the double materials through observation the morphology, chromosome number, stomatal frequency and size, the results show that the chromosome number of autotetraploid is2n=4x=40, and the stomatal length and width are significantly greater than the diploid, stomatal frequency is significantly less than the diploid. The study indicates that the polyploid induction method of E. lathyris is feasible. |
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