Appropriate Fertilization Technology For Special Rice Varieties And Influence Of Winter Crops On Nitrogen And Phosphorus Forms In Soil And Nutrition Effectiveness To Rice Seedling

The development of rice products processing industry is one of the most important ways to promote the efficiency of rice plantation in China. For this reason, it is very meaningful to determine specialized varieties and establish corresponding cultivation technologies, for guarantying the qualities of different rice products and promoting the development of rice processing industry. In this study, we carried out variety screening for rice dumpling processing and approriate fertilization experiments for special varieties of rice noodle and rice dumpling, to determine suitable fertilization scheme for the special varieties of rice noodle, rice dumpling. At the same time, the changes in soil nutrients and its nutrient effectiveness to rice seedling which were affected by the plantations of oilseed rape and wheat were tested under different phosphorus apllications. The objectives of the studies were to establish optimal plantation system and cultivation technology for the special rice production. The main results are as follows:1. Under local plantation conditions in Tuan Feng, the rice of Tenuo2072showed the best sensor quality when it was made into rice dumpling, among8indica glutinous rice varieties and it had lower amylose content(2.0%), setback value(-289.0cp) and pasting temperature (65.6℃)with better pasting and gelatinization properties. Meanwhile, Tenuo2072gained the highest grain yield (i.e.10260.2kg-hm-2). Therefore, Tenuo2072was determined as a special variety for rice dumpling processing.2. Approriate fertilization experiment using Guichao13as material showed that, the rice had higher crude fat(5.57%) and amylose contents(22.9%), higher pasting temperature (74.6℃)and higher gel spring(0.98) and resilience(0.34), but lower values of adhesiveness(0.18kg.s), peak viscosity(2229.0cp) and setback of pasting(872.2cp), under the treatment of130kgN-hm-2,75kg P2O5·hm"2and54kg K2O·hm-2. Meanwhile, the treatment had the best sensor quality of rice noodle and higher grain yield (8524.5kg· hm-2). Therefore, it was determined as an appropriate fertilization scheme for rice noodle variety production.3. Approriate fertilization experiment using Zhennuo as material showed that, the rice had lower amylose content(1.88%), setback value(-1055.7cp)and pasting temperature(60.4℃), higher peak viscosity (1804.7cp)and better gel properties, under the treatment of60kgN-hm-2,45kg P2O5-hm-2and72kg K2O·hm-2. Meanwhile, the treatment had the best sensor quality of rice dumpling. So that was determined as an appropriate fertilization scheme for rice dumpling variety production. 4. Under different P supplies, the growth of oilseed rape and wheat had obvious influences on soil nitrogen and phosphorus transformations and the nutrient effectiveness to rice seedling. In this experiment, Ca10-P accounted for the largest proportion of soil inorganic phosphorus, Ca2-P were available phosphorus, Al-P and Org-P were slow-acting phosphorus; Fe-P and Ca10-P was potential and unavailable phosphorus source for crops. The contents of soil available P, Ca2-P and Al-P increased significantly when P application increased, in the soil of oilseed rape, available P was higher than that of wheat. Higher P application could increase the yield of potted oilseed rape and wheat, but the effect was not significant. Plant growth and development and nutrient uptake of rice seedling were higher in the soil planted with oilseed rape than that in the soil planted with wheat.The main nitrogen form in the soil leaching solution was DTN. During the vegetative and reproductive growth of crops, TN, DTN, nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil leaching solution of oilseed rape were lower than those of wheat. Higher P application resulted in higher concentrations of TN, DTN and nitrate nitrogen in soil leaching solution of oilseed rape, but lower concentrations of wheat. Phosphorus in soil leaching solution was mainly soluble phosphorus. The concentrations of TP, DTP and orthophosphate in soil leaching solution of oilseed rape were higher than those of wheat. Higher P application resulted in obviously higher concentrations of TP and DTP and orthophosphate in soil leaching solution of both oilseed rape and wheat.