| In order to further understanding of the medicinal plant pseudostellaria heterophylla which cultivatedand the continuous cropping obstacle, a study on growth character, continuous cropping obstacle, yield andquality of pseudostellaria heterophylla which growth in Zherong County heterophylla GAP Chuan Muyangcertification base and the Xia cun village Industrial Park no.2standardized planting bases.The main resultsare as follows:1. The emergence of Zhe shen no.2and no.1, Guizhou, Jiangsu and Anhui species of pseudostellariaheterophylla were on early February which growth under the condition of a980m altitude and yellow-redsoil, the seedling stage was form February to early march. The earliest germination species were the Zheshen no.2and no.1（in February2nd）, Jangsu specie was later for two days, Anhui specie was the latest.The highest germination rate was Zhe shen no.2（98.3%.）, Zhe shen no.1was the second （96.7%）, thethird one was Jiangsu specie, the lowest was Anhui.2. Zhe shen no.2was not blossom, Zhe shen no.1was not branch. These characters of the samespecies were increased with the increasing of the time （month）. Observing the biological character such asthe crown breadth, branch number, flower number, plant height, root number and root length, we found thatlocal cultivars like Zhe shen no.2and no.1grow better and faster than Jiangsu specie, and Anhui wasfollowed.3. Significant differences were found in dry weight and fresh weight in varieties of pseudostellariaheterophylla. The highest yield was Zhe shen no.2, and Anhui was the lowest. The average fresh and dryweight of Zhe shen no.2was the3.78,3.13times of Anhui, respectively. In addition, the total fresh weightand dry of Jiangsu specie was about92.86%,91.5%of the Zhe shen no.1, respectively. The difference ofthe yield between Zhe shen no.1and Jiangsu specie was not found.4.The effective medicinal components of different species of pseudostellaria heterophylla such aspolysaccharides, total saponins and Pseudostellarin B all had certain difference, except for thePseudostellarin B content of Guizhou and Anhui these two varieties had no significant difference, the restof the varieties of differences between the indexes were larger, the significance was obvious.Polysaccharide, the content of total saponins and Pseudostellarin B shall present the following trend: Zheshen no.2> Zhe shen no.1> Jiangsu> Guizhou> Anhui.The maximum value（24.21%）ofpolysaccharides content was about1.87times of the lowest content（12.97%）. The maximum value （0.407%）of total saponins content was about2.06times of the lowest content（0.198%）.And themaximum value（0.0205%）of Pseudostellarin B content was about1.32times of the lowest content（0.0155%）.5. Through correlation analysis, five different varieties of pseudostellaria heterophylla betweenpolysaccharide and total saponin content were significantly positively correlated, with correlationcoefficients of0.982（P <0.01）; Polysaccharide content and Pseudostellarin B content was significantlyrelated, the correlation coefficients was0.939（P <0.05）; Between total saponins content withPseudostellarin B content also showed extremely significant positive correlation, the correlationcoefficients was0.963（P <0.01）. The results of preliminary analysis of the differences between differentquality indicators showed that Fujian, Jiangsu and Anhui heterophylla’s polysaccharides, total saponins andPseudostellarin B content were higher than Guizhou heterophylla.6. Different harvest time，different bases，the same species heterophylla root polysaccharides, totalsaponins and Pseudostellarin B content changed by the same trend, and there were significant differencesbetween the same base.But the accumulation of its content by the end of June and April regularly. Amongthem, the changed trend of Pseudostellarin B content was: June> April> may> March; and the content ofpolysaccharides and total saponins changed along with the same trend: June> April> march> may.7. The polysaccharide and Pseudostellarin B content of stem and leaf in the harvest time （late June）were the lowest, concrete embodied: May27th> May11st> April21st>March24th> June26th; The totalsaponins content was reduced over months, the average content on March24th was about0.78%, and totalsaponins content harvested on June26th was minimum, only34.6%of that on March24th.8.The polysaccharide and Pseudostellarin B content of stem and leave of the same heterophyllaspecies in the same base were less than the content of root, the total saponins content of stem and leaf waslarge equal to the content of root, the proportion of the effective medicinal ingredients content of stem andleave was also not small.9.Different altitudes and soil conditions had a great effect on the effective medicinal ingredientscontent of Zheshen no.2’s root, the difference was significant.Pseudostellaria heterophylla whichcultivatied in mountain of a980m altitude and yellow-red soil contained higher effective medicinalingredient content.10. Each effective medicinal composition content of heterophylla cultivated in shady slope werehigher than which cultivated in sunny slope. Among them, the average polysaccharide content of heterophylla cultivated in sunny slope was about82.5%of the shady’s, average total saponins content wasabout56.2%of the shady’s, while average Pseudostellarin B content of the former was about95.9%of thelatter.11.The polysaccharide, total saponins and Pseudostellarin B content of heterophylla root was greatlyinfluenced by the drying temperature. Polysaccharide content were presented:natural dried>60℃>50℃>70℃>80℃; and the content of total saponins showed that80℃> natural dried>60℃>50℃>70℃; Pseudostellarin B content decreased with the increasing of drying temperature.12. Various indicators of heterophylla root which cultivated in the dwasinfected testing ground beforeroot cultivation were higher than those cultivated in the unsterile testing ground. The former’spolysaccharide, total saponins and Pseudostellarin B content were about1.41times,1.96times and1.18times of the latter’s.13. Experiment using nitrogen fertilizer, potassium binary quadratic field design to nine differentfertilizer treatments. The difference among different fertilizer treatments were significant. Thepolysaccharide and Pseudostellarin B content of the control treatment （N0P0K0）were the lowest,and theirtotal saponins content were in the penultimate.The polysaccharide content and total saponins content ofN1P2K2processing were the second, while its Pseudostellarin B content was highest at about0.0134%. Inthe process of cultivation should be appropriate to topdressing nitrogenous fertilizer, and the best ratio of N:P: K was1:2:2.14. Continuous cropping whether or not could cause great influence on grain yield and quality ofheterophylla, the effective medicinal ingredient content of heterophylla root were less than those planted innon-continuous cropping.The infusion liquid of syndetic pseudostellaria root rhizospheric soil had certaininhibitory effect on the lettuce seedlings radicle growth, all showed a phenomenon that low concentrationpromoted and high levels restrained. The same concentration level, along with the increase of the plantingyears,the inhibition was stronger.Concentration of2g·mL-1of rhizospheric soil extraction liquid ofdifferent plant years through adsorbbing the methanol eluent of macroporous resin had a strong inhibitoryeffect on lettuce radicle growth, with the increase of the planting years, its inhibition also correspondingincreased The lettuce seedlings radicle length of Continuous cropping （planted two year） soil was about84.3%of non-continuous cropping’s（planting one year）, its inhibitory effect was about1.43times than thenon-continuous cropping soil.15. Ester, alcohol, sugar, acid, amine, aldehyde, ketone, alkanes, alkenes, benzene, phenol, quinone and other kinds of material were found in the rhizosphere soil of planted heterophylla （non-continuouscropping, continuous cropping），but it did not contain aldehyde ketone substance in the soil of notplanted heterophylla （comparwason）. In contrast to the soil,the content of sugar and esters were higher,reached16.74%and38.44%; in non-continuous cropping soil, amine acids and esters had higher content,reached12.91%,36.28%and13.47%;while acids and esters had higher content in the soil of continuouscropping, which reached14.85%and35.53%.Individual esters, acids, phenol quinones and alcohols in therhizosphere soil of planted heterophylla （non-continuous cropping, continuous cropping），were higherthan the soil of not planted heterophylla （comparwason）, and the content was different.16. The extract from different parts of heterophylla and rhizosphere soil had certain inhibition for theseeds germination and growth of Acacia confuse. With the increase of concentration，the inhibitory effectwas enhanced obviously. At the same concentration level (0.001g·mL-1), the inhibition which stem leafextract had on seed germination and radicle were significouldtly higher than the other two kinds of extract,the inhibition rate were respectively40.79%and28.43%. The second one was the root extract, the weakestone was the inhibition of rhizospheric soil extraction liquid.The root extract had the greatest influence ongrowth of hypocotyl, the inhibition rate was62.99%.From the total inhibition rate（IR）,which the threekinds of extracts had on the germination and growth of Acacia confuse seed, the strongest inhibitory effectwas stem leaf extract （-4.9323）,the second one was root extract （-4.3667）, the most weak rhizospheric soilextract （-3.2561）.17. At the same concentration (0.001g·mL-1) level, different parts from heterophylla and rhizospheresoil extraction liquid differently inhibitted its own seed germination and the growth of radicle andhypocotyl. Overall,he influence from the extract of different parts of zhe no.1and no.2heterophylla wereweaker than other three varieties, and Anhui heterophylla showed higher inhibitory effect.18. Different cultivation patterns would affect the yield and quality of heterophylla. Among them, theyield and quality of first-planting heterophylla showed obvious advantages, the yield and quality ofcontinuous cropping heterophylla were significouldtly lower than the other planting patterns. The yieldfrom rice-P.heterophlla rotation cropping mode closed to first-planting heterophylla’s, about its94.35%;the polysaccharide content of rice-P.heterophlla rotation cropping mode was only after first-plantingheterophylla’s, about its85.65%, and was1.52times of continuous cropping heterophylla’s content; thecontent of total saponins from bean-P.heterophlla rotation cropping mode was the highest, the content wasabout1.04times of first-planting heterophylla’s （the second one）, and was about1.33times of continuous cropping heterophylla’s content （the last one）. Under these3kinds of crop rotation mode,thePseudostellarin B content were lower than first-planting heterophylla’s,but were higher than those ofcontinuous cropping heterophylla’s, were respectively about1.18times,1.16times and1.12times ofcontinuous cropping heterophylla’s content.19. At the0.001g·mL-1concentration level, the extract of different parts of P.heterophlla underdifferent cultivation patterns had certain inhibitory effection on its own seed germination,the growth ofradicle and hypocotyl, and the effection were different. Overall, the inhibitory effection by stem leaf extractof P.heterophlla on its seed germination was larger, the inhibition of each part extract showed first-plantingheterophlla was the smallest and the continuous cropping heterophlla was the largestone.Corn-P.heterophlla,rice-P.heterophlla and bean-P.heterophlla these3kinds of crop rotation mode had acertain degree of relief on allelopathic autotoxicity potential of P.heterophlla. Except the root extract, theinhibition on P.heterophlla’s own seed germination, the growth of radicle and hypocotyl by rice-P.heterophlla crop rotation mode were only after first-planting heterophylla’s.20. There were differences among various nutritional elements which contained in heterophylla plantsat different cultivation base. And the same element in different harvest month, different parts and differentplantation age were different. In addition to the phosphorus content, the remaining elements showed thetrend that the root>stem leaf，Chuan Muyang> the Xia cun village. All plant nutrition elements content ofthe non-continuous cropping pseudostellaria root were greater than those in continuous cropping plant.Andthere were significouldt correlation between various nutrient elements and effective medicinal ingredients.21.Continuous cropping made soil acidificated and pH lower, made hydrolyze nitrogen, total nitrogenand total phosphorus content increased, and made the rate of potassium and effective phosphorus contentdecreased. But in the two bases, there were no correlation between soil nutrient elements and the quality ofheterophylla root.22. After continuous cropping, the pollutants content in the soil were increased, especially made thezinc content in soil increased sharply, respectively reached2.11times and2.29times than the zinc contentof control soil.The increment of average content of other various pollutants were relatively small.Thevarious factors comprehensive pollution index among the two bases were greater than3.0, the degree ofsoil and crops affected by pollution was quite serious. |
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