Study On Pig Breeding Scale And Origin Mobile, Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Pork is the people’s main meat consumer goods, and the government, residents and producers pay universal attention to the pig production and pork supply. In the90s last century, in order to alleviate the food supply partial tight contradiction, the ministry of agriculture began a new round of the implementation of the "shopping basket program" in1995, making the intensive and large-scale pig breeding as a leading livestock husbandry developed rapidly. Due to the significant differences of economic development speed of various areas in Jiangsu province, the increasing cost of the raw materials and other production, and the increasing risk of market and livestock disease, the comparative income of farmers in southern Jiangsu area decreases, speeding up the free-roaming exit. With a large number of traditional agricultural farmers give up keeping free-roaming pigs, in order to ensure the pork product supply, in the breeding policy guidance the pig origin gradually transfer to the middle and north area of Jiangsu province and other provinces with scale aquaculture development rapidly. The dominant position of scale breeding has been established, and the regional scale and special advantage gradually appears.As the expanding pig breeding scale and intensive degree, the feces sewage quantity increases sharply, but the pollution control in the policy management, laws and regulations construction and technology are obviously lag behind the pig industry development speed, so scale cultivation and aquaculture waste gradually become one of the important original of environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The pig breeding pollution load already exceed the industrial wastewater and domestic sewage total pollution load in some cities. A large amount of sewage and fecal pollution emissions directly without properly handle, causing a lot of greenhouse gas to escape. However, due to the origin mobile, the economic developed area residents enjoy the fruits of economic development and consumption of pork products, and did not to give any payment of environment cost the pig origin. So the government should pay more attention to the pollution caused by the intensive pig cultivation places and the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, and encourage breeding farmers using high efficiency, low carbon and economic method for breeding, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in pig-producing total life process. It has become the pig industry development problem urgently to be solved in China which is faced with great pressure of emission reduction with the guidance and comprehensive of multidisciplinary theory, combined with the actual situation. This paper discusses the scale cultivation, pig origin mobile phenomenon, the pork trade, processing, transportation as well as the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, and analyzes reasonable breeding scale and breeding techniques to promote safety and healthy development of the scale pig breeding. It will be a great help for fulfilling international greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligations, realizing China’s agricultural economy and resource environment coordinated development.The overall objective of this study is investigation of the relationship and influence between the pig origin mobile and greenhouse gas emissions. Around this goal, with the theoretical analysis, firstly, expurgate the pig origin pattern and change trend in Jiangsu in recent years, verify of the pig breeding mobile, and explores its economic mechanism; secondly, explore the relationship of the origin mobile and the breeding scale; on the basis of the existing methodology and the survey data in Jiangsu province, calculate and compares the greenhouse gas emissions strength. Thirdly, investigate the relation and influence between pig origin mobile, pig trade and greenhouse gas emissions; finally explore the influence on the intension of greenhouse gas emission. The main conclusions of this study are:1. The pork producing pattern does have a significant change, and the main producing areas more consolidated significantly such as Xuzhou and Yancheng whose pork production accounted for the total present a clear rising trend. The pork production development in other areas around is relatively stable, with different changing trend. The economic developed areas such as Nanjing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Changzhou, its pork production accounted for the proportion of the total production costs continue to drop. What is worth explanation is that from the view of regional geographic position, pork production status in southern Jiangsu area steps down, and pork production status in northern Jiangsu area unceasingly strengthens, becoming the main areas of pork production, leaving the polarization phenomenon strengthened. On this basis, this paper uses Moran’s I index from the Angle of spatial econometrics to verify the pork production in Jiangsu province has spatial correlation characteristics, and use of space lag model empirical analysis the pork production regional spatial pattern change decision factors in Jiangsu province. Measurement test results show that:the endowment of resources, transportation convenience, rural residents per capita income, agriculture expenditure and agriculture loan factors are significant positive effects for pork production growth; And non-agricultural employment opportunity and urbanization level two factors on its change have significant negative effect; And there is spatial spillover effect in the region between pork production, which will be negative affected by adjoining areas in pork production.2. With the calculation to the survey data in Yancheng, we found that the greenhouse gas emissions per unit pork in life cycle from free-roaming farmers, small-scale farmers, medium scale farmers, large-scale farmers were3.079kg,1.874kg,1.913kg,2.978kg of carbon dioxide equivalent, with an overall trend which is declining first rising after, and the greenhouse gas emissions per unit from small and medium scale are similar, proving the greenhouse gas emissions from medium scale cultivation did not increase much with fulfill the market demand. In addition it confirmed again that the pig breeding should be moderate scale cultivation as the main development in greenhouse gas emissions control view. On the other hand, fodder production and waste processing system is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions, and northern Jiangsu province is also the leading production areas of corn, wheat, etc, which will further strengthen status that they are the main planting and breeding industry area in Jiangsu province.3. According to the calculation of get of different scale aquaculture farmers unit product greenhouse gas emissions, calculation of Jiangsu province from2007to2010, greenhouse gas emission and unit product greenhouse gas emissions and found origin mobile, greenhouse gas emissions, rise, but with the large increase in yield, Jiangsu province pig breeding unit product greenhouse gas emissions reduced year by year, indicating that pig production distribution changes caused by changes in the scale of farming, and finally to greenhouse gas emissions control play a key role.This research’s innovation may lie in:one is, constructs the pig-producing space econometric model in Jiangsu province, and use relative reasonable measure index, preliminary gets the influence of pig mobile related factors, providing certain reference to the research for later generations; The second is, introduce the life cycle assessment into pig breeding preliminary, use existing methodology to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions of pig breeding, and analyze framework and theory foundation of the origin mobile, scale breeding and price compensation with embodied carbon theoretical.The limitations of the study are:one is, because of research condition restriction, failed to win detailed data involved the farmers recommended IPCC (2006) method2, it caused the uncertainty is higher and may affect the credibility of the calculation results. The second is this paper may underestimate the greenhouse gas emissions in life cycle from scale farmers due to the lack of calculation on processing storage and transportation link. The third is, this paper din not gives quantitative research on origin mobile, scale cultivation, the price compensation and the relationship between them temporary, it will be the research direction of the future.