The Study On Fruit-Body Color Genetic Differentiation Of Flammulina Velutipes In Sporelated Monokaryon And Testcross Progenies

Flammulina velutipes is well-known edible and medicinal fungi, currently,Its production ranked sixth in the world. The industrial cultivation cycle of F velutipes is quite long. Color is the most important commodity character of F velutipes, so in-depth study of the genetic mechanism of the F.velutipes color is important significance in F.velutipes the value of goods to breeding.There are three types color of F.velutipes fruit-body,which are wild-type yellow, light yellow and white colors. Existing research results show that:fruit-body color of F.velutipes is controled by only one gene locus that is not linked with incompatibility factor gene either A or B. When yellow and white monokaryon crossed, the fruit-body color of hybrids are light-yellow. Meanwhile, light-yellow are not homochromatism, but a serial of transitional ones. To further study the causes of transitional color and yellow with white nuclear interactions, in this experiment we have studied sporelated homokaryon fruiting and testcross fruiting and the progeny of testcross fruiting of F.velutipes, by the ratio of yellow and white color to research genetic mechanism of the F.velutipes color.1. In the experiments we tested light yellow A161, white A307, B114, F3-31and F3-6material strains genetic background verification by selfcross.The results show that light yellow strain A161offsprings with inbred has color separation, is a heterozygote; white strains A307, B114and F3-6offsprings with inbred has not color differentiation, is pure fit; white strain F3-31offsprings with inbred has color separation, more complex genetic background.2. Sporelated homokaryon groups established of strains, we respectively obtained light yellow strain A161, white strains A307, B114and F3-31sporelated homokaryon progeny of the54,56,52and65by microscope.By Sporelated homokaryon groups from the mycelium growth rate, colony morphology, squaring time and molecular aspects to verify, the results show that with the homokaryon progeny of the same strain in mycelial growth rate had no significant difference, among different strains, the growth speed of homokaryons had significant difference. In sporelated homokaryon fruiting time, homokaryons of the same strain progeny had significant difference. Correlation analysis of homokaryon progeny in the same strain of mycelial growth rate and fruiting time, the results show that with the same strain of mycelial growth and fruiting time are negatively correlated, that is to say, the mycelial growth faster corresponding to the fruiting time earlier, the conclusion of three strains is the same. By SCAR molecular marker to validate sporelated monokaryons of A161, results of fruiting color is the same, at the same time we screened polymorphic primers by SSR and SRAP molecular method, have no resolution.3. We established testcross populations by44fruiting homokaryons of the A161and two protoplast homokaryons of white A307. Testcross strains fruiting results show that the color correspond to sporelated homokaryon fruiting basically, the same yellow monokaryon strain with different white nuclear hybrid, to obtain the light yellow strains which have different colors, this show that white nuclear effects yellow. At the same time on the testcross of light-yellow22-6and22-7selfing, the results show that light yellow color separation of a larger proportion of offspring.4. Statistics with color separation of light-yellow A161strain by selfed progeny, sporelated homokaryons and testcross selfed progeny, the results show that332strains of the A161selfed progeny, yellow is194strains, white is117strains, ratio of yellow and white is about1.7:1;140strains of repeated A161inbred offspring, yellow is85, white is44, ratio of yellow and white is about1.93:1;54strains of the A161sporelated homokaryons has44fruiting strains, in these strains, yellow is19and white is25, the ratio is1:1.32;22-6and22-7selfed, in160strains of22-6selfed progeny, there are149strains of yellow,4strains of white;120strains of22-7selfed progeny, yellow is96, white is11, the ratio of yellow and whie is respectly about37:1and9:1. The above color separation ratio by chi-square test does not accord with a pair of genes controlling theory. 5. In this experiment, by selfed fruiting, sporelated homokaryons fruiting, testcross groups fruiting and light-yellow strains in selfed testcross progeny fruiting, by color ratio of a system to study genetic differentiation of light yellow color strains, the results showed that yellow to white is incompletely dominant, white nuclear effected yellow. The theory that color gene controlled by a pair of gene is not perfect, we needed for further research.The latter experiments can be combined with molecular means to reveal the color genetic mechanism, to lay the foundation for genetic breeding.