Studies On Productivity Of Super Rice Nanjing44under Different Light Simple Cultivation Methods

The experiment was carried out during year2009and2010in the Heng village in the city of jiangyan with the large-area production of super rice varieties of nanjing44.Manual transplantion for control,set six kinds of light simple cultivation methods are light spin of cast transplanting,no-tillage cast transplanting,mechanical transplanting,mechanical bar live,hand sprinkler live,hand sprinkle dry Hve.Ststematic comparative studies on yield,growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination,population quality,nitrogen uptake and utilization,rice quality and economic benefits were conducted to clarify the differences of cultivation characteristics.Then it could provide theoretical and practical basis for scientific and rantion layout of different light simple cultivation methods.The main results were as follows:(1)Light simple cultivation methods and the conventional manual transplantion, regardless of the growth period and growth stages, were shown to be delayed with the delay of sowing date. The longest growth period of165days of the conventional manual transplantion;in light simple cultivation methods,cast transplanting was the highest,then was mechanical transplanting,direct seeding was the lowest.Compared with manual transplantion,which reduced by10days,12days,27-28days.The accumulated temperature and sunshine hours of the light simple cultivation methods in the whole growth period,were significantly lower than the conventional manual transplantion.Compared to manual transplantion,accumulated temperature of direct seeding,mechanical transplanting and cast transplanting in the whole growth period respectively reduced by15.0%～15.5%、6.2%、5.2%. as compared to manual transplantion, sunshine hours of the whole growth period of direct seedinganechanical transplanting and cast transplanting respectively reduced by16.4%～17.0%、6.4%、5.6%.And differences in the whole growth period of accumulated temperature and sunshine hours of the conventional manual transplantion and light simple cultivation methods is due to efficiency of resource use of temperature and light from sowing to jointing.yield under Light simple cultivation methods with the conventional manual transplantion were significantly different.In light simple cultivation methods,light spin of cast transplanting was the highest,then was mechanical transplanting,no-tillage cast transplanting was the third,direct seeding was the lowest,compared with Manual transplantion,yield of which reduced by44kg,50.88kg,66.34kg,88.67kg-107.74kg per mu.(2)Light simple cultivation methods were compared with manual transplantion:The mechanical transplanting with injury serious of mechanical shift plantingand rejuvenation period is longer, Since the rapid growth of the tiller,mechanical transplanting achieved enough panicles which in advance of1-2days than manual transplantion.After the group fell slightly faster than manual transplantion,although the ultimate suitability panicles to be higher than manual transplantion,but tillers rate is relatively low.cast transplanting and direct seeding in the cultivation characteristics were similar.The population growth started fast and showed a strong early mover advantage.The peak number of seedlings more than manual transplantion,but ineffective tillers were too many, so panicle rate was the lowest.(3) Light simple cultivation methods of single-stem dry matter weight and total dry matter weight,have shown less than the trend of manual transplantion,and with the reproductive process moves forward,the growing gap more and more.The total dry matter weight of manual transplantion in groups of1282.9kg per mu.In light simple cultivation methods,light spin of cast transplanted was3.3%lower than manual transplantion,mechanical transplanting and no-tillage cast transplanting was5.4%and6.3%lower than manual transplantion,There are no difference in direct seeding,with an average of1083.6kg per mu,9.8%lower than manual transplantion.(4) The length, width and leaf area of light simple cultivation methods were less than Manual transplantion. In light simple cultivation methods,light spin of cast transplanting and no-tillage cast transplanting in the third leaf length,width and leaf area is not very different,but higher than mechanical transplanting and direct seeding. Plant height,spike length,main stem leaf number,internode number were shown to Light simple cultivation methods is less than manual transplantion. Between the different light simple cultivation methods,plant height.spike length, main stem leaf number,internode number were shown to be the tend of cast transplanting higher than mechanical transplanting,mechanical transplanting higher than direct seeding. (5)There are significant difference in n content and n uptake between light simple cultivation methods and manual transplantion.In jointing stage,the n content and n uptake of direct seeding was the highest,cast transplanting and machine transplanted were the next,conventional manual transplantion was the lowest.In heading and maturity,the n content and n uptake of manual transplantion was the highest,cast transplanting and machine transplanted were the next,direct seeding was the lowest.Nitrogen seasonal utilization of manual transplantion was very significantly higher than that of light simple cultivation methods,Compared with manual transplantion.spin of cast transplanted,mechanical transplanting, no-tillage cast transplanting,direct seeding reduced by9.87%,11.54%,21.88%,34.12-37.70%.There are no significant difference in Nitrogen application increase between light simple cultivation methods and manual transplantion.Physiological efficiency of manual transplantion was significantly lower than that of light simple cultivation methods.In light simple cultivation methods,physiological efficiency of direct seeding was the highest,no-tillage cast transplanting was the next,mechanical transplanting and light spin of cast transplanting were the lowest.Nitrogen apparent productivity and utilization of nitrogen have the same trend.(6)There are no significant difference in Brown rice rate between light simple cultivation methods and manual transplantion.But there are significant difference in the order of milled rice and head milled rice rate between light simple cultivation methods and manual transplantion.Grain shape aspect was no significant difference among light simple cultivation methods and manual transplantion,But chalkiness and chalky of light simple cultivation methods were significantly lower than that of manual transplantion,and which were significant difference among light simple cultivation methods.The gel consistency of cast transplanting was the highest,and it was no significant differences with manual transplantion.Mechanical transplanting was the next, and it was significant lower than manual transplantion.direct seeding was the lowest.and it was significant higher than manual transplantion.Amylose content of direct seeding was thehighest and it was significantly higher than Manual transplantion.Cast transplanting and mechanical transplanting was the next,and it was no significant difference between them.but both of them were significantly higher than manual transplantion.The total cost of production inputs of light simple cultivation methods were less than manual transplantion.The total cost of production inputs of no-tillage cast transplanting in light simple cultivation methods was the highest, light spin of cast transplanted was the next,the total cost of production of direct seeding was higher than that of mechanical transplanting.mechanical transplanting due to its relatively higher yield and lower labor,the final net benefit was the hignest.The light spin of cast transplanting was the next,The net benefit of these two light simple cultivation methods were higher than manual transplantion.No-tillage cast transplanting because of its relatively lower production and higher labor,the final net benefit was lower than manual transplantion.Direct seeding has the lowest labor,but due to its lowest yield,so the final net benefit was the lowest.