Feed Additives Making Of Cordyceps Militaris Fermentation And Its Pharmacological Studies

Chinese medicine as feed additives, the main purpose is to achieve the prevention and treatment of diseases through its anti-stress response, antioxidant effect and improving the animal’s immune system functions. Silkworm pupa and the culture of Cordyceps militaris are high-protein, multi-nutrient elements, but for various reasons leading to large-scale development has not been used. A lot of researches reported that Silkworm pupa and C. militaris had the functions such as improving the immunity, antioxidant and anti-stress of animals and human. So in this study, the fermentation of C. militaris was cultured on the solid culture medium in which the main component is dry silkworm pupa, and then CCl4-induced chemical oxidative stress mice and hydrocortisone-induced immune injury mice were used as the monogastric mammals models to discuss the feasibility of fermentation used to be feed additives.In this study, based on the observation of the growing of the mycelia on the culture medium dishes and the time that the mycelia covered the dishes, the best strain was CM-2, of which the mycelia germinated in the shortest time, the white new mycelia turn out in only2days and the time of the mycelium covered the culture dishes was shortest, in only14.6days. After fermentation through solids (medium composition, silkworm pupa: corn flour: culture solution (sucrose20g/l, protein peptone5g/l, vitamin0.04g/l, KH2PO41g/l, MgSO40.5g/l)=4:1:10), Cordyceps fermentation composition of the main nutrients are crude protein:49.24%, crude fat:20.18%, crude polysaccharide:10.27%.The effect of the water extract from Cordyceps fermentation of silkworm pupa (CFSP) on the body weight, antioxidant and immunity in normal mice was studied, so as to discuss the feasibility of the Cordyceps fermentation of silkworm pupa (CFSP) as feed additives for monogastric mammals. The method was as follow: ICR mice were divided into normal group and3control groups (6%,3%, and1%fermentation additive groups). Mice were weighed every day. After two weeks experiment, the spleen index and thymus index were determined, the serum ALT, AST activities and MDA content were tested. Compared with the normal group, the body weights of every dosage CFSP additives group mice were increased, the thymus index and spleen index were increased, but there was no statistical significance because of the short time feeding the serum ALT, AST activities and MDA content of the dosage groups also had no significant differences. The CCl4-induced chemical oxidative stress mice were used to study the health care effects of water extract of C. militaris mycelia (WECM) as feed additive for monogatric mammals: ICR mice were randomly divided into normal, control and WECM groups. All groups except the normal control were intraperitoneal injected with CCl4to make models. The WECM groups were treated with WECM at a dose of0.2and0.4g·kg-1·d-1for21days. At the same time, the normal control group and the model control group were given equivalent amount of0.9%sodium chloride solution by the same route. After the experiment, the serum ALT, AST activities, GSH content and IL-2, TNF-a, IFN-g levels were determined. SOD activity and MDA content were also tested in liver. Compared with the model group, the content of MDA in liver was decreased significantly the activity of SOD in the liver was markedly improved after preventive treatment with WECM, and the antioxidant capability of mice was improved. In addition, the level of TNF-a in the serum was obviously decreased the levels of IL-2and IFN-g in the serum were obviously increased, the immunity of mice was enhanced.To further study the main biological active substance in the fermentation, C. militaris polysaccharides (CMPS) were used on hydrocortisone-induced immune injury mice. ICR mice were divided into normal group, model group, high-dosage (0.4g·kg-1·d-1) and low-dosage (0.2g·kg-1·d-1) CMPS groups. Except the normal group, the other3groups were injected hydrocortisone (25mg·kg-1· d-1) in muscle5times to make immune injury models. After21days experiment, the contents of the serum GSH, IL-2, TNF-a and IFN-g were determined. Hepatic SOD activity and MDA content were tested. Compared with the model group, serum TNF-a level and hepatic MDA content are decreased in CMPS treated groups, and the activity of hepatic SOD, serum GSH, IL-2and IFN-g levels were increased. These results indicated the CMPS could alleviate the hydrocortisone-induced immune damage of mice by improving antioxidant effect and immunity regulation.The results showed that CFSP with increased antioxidant capacity and reduce lipid peroxidation in the body caused by stress injury also by regulating the body’s immune factors to improve immunity, indicating that CFSP as monogastric mammals feed additives is feasible and CMPS is the effective active ingredient in CFSP, but other active ingredients should be studied further.