| The Haiyang Mount area belong to North of Guangxi province is the only typicalflowering area of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)，and the emergence of its flowering isuninterrupted since1950s. For the lagre area of P. edulis in other regions in our country ishardly flowering, so studying the reproductive biological characteristics and improving theproduction of the seed is very important for the discipline of plant reproductive biologyresearch and for the production and waring of the sustainable development of bamboos in ourcountry.Using morphology and anatomy, scanning electron microscope, traditional paraffinsection and some other technical means integrately, flowering of biology habit, spikelet andflower implement structure, pollen morphology, the anther and floral organ differentiationdevelopment of reproductive biological characteristics and the improving technology of seedproduction of P. edulis is systematically studied, the results are as follows:1. Systematic research was done on morphology and structure of inflorescences, spikelets,florets, stamens, pistils of P. edulis from typical flowering area. Integrated statistical data of theflower organs was updated and supplemented, it was firstly found that there are four locules inevery anther, which is basifixed anther and so on. Systematic describes as follows:inflorescences of P. edulis is fake and spicate inflorescences (indefinite inflorescence), averagelength of the inflorescences is8.01cm, there are2~7gradually auxetic scaly bracts;4~13spathes, there is one spikelet in each; one inflorescence has about10fake spikelets on average,average length of the spikelets is3.76cm,1~3glumes，one spikelet has1~6florets, averagelength between the rachises is0.48cm. Average length of florets is2.6cm，which has2~3shells and3lodicules, some2~3stamens, average length is4.34cm, which anthers have fourchambers, basifixed anther and the average length of the anther is1.26cm.The average lengthof filaments is2.98cm, they stretch out1.59cm when they open widely.1pistil, one ovary with one chamber; one reversal ovule; average length of styles is1.19cm, average length ofstigmas is1.70cm, which average showed length is0.95cm when they open widely. The timefrom the appearing anther to the pollen falling out of the anther is about1~2h.2. The shape and structure of polle of P. edulis was first reported. The average diameter ofthe pollen is61.00μm, belongs to big spore.It is about globular in the scanning electronmicroscope, the ornamentation of its outer wall is granulated become small, it has a roundgerminal aperture which has a circle around, the outer diameter of the germinal aperture is8.69μm, the inner4.52μm3. The anther of P. edulis wall structure including4layer of cells, skin cells, indoor wallcells, middle medicine cells and tapetal cells.The development of anther wall single cotyledonswall type, tapetum for gland mass type. Microspore mother cells meiosis cytoplasmic divisionway is a continuous, mature pollen grains are mostly two cell type, rarely produce the three celltype. The ovary skin a double heart room, with a fall in born ovule; bead is double, heart isthin. Single spore development, the embryo sac type contents, with the foot of cells.4. Several years continuously and orientationly trace observation of flowering P. eduliswas done and recorded. It was founded most of the flowering area is small and several to twoor three hundred individual flowering plant is often seen and large flowering aera is hardlyseen. Continuously flowering omen can be seen in the froest and some one year plant is alsoflowered and fruited.The plant is died after flowering, forming a small window of forest.The flowering plant is different from that isn’t going to flower, which leaves become short, alittle yellow, bamboo stem is gloomy, or with gray spots, and in the same year bamboo shootsis significantly reduced or not appeared. Blossom is development in3~4months after theleaves change new short, the top early fine pointed leaves are obviously longer than that notflowering, flower bud formation is gradually began to leaf base. Flowering time of P. edulis isfocused in July every year, flowering time peak on every day is focused in the morning8:30~10:30point and3~4:30points, during which lots of bees buzzing can be seen. Theflowering plants are relatively less in rainy and gloomy days. 5. For using flowering P. edulis, service production, improving economic efficiency, thisstudy used urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, contain8kind of elements of the reagents,and5kind of hormone, orthogonal experiment design formula, beginning flowering bunches ofnote respectively cavity was5mL formula. In addition, the formula about a week ago, notechamber into the right amount to avoid pesticide pests. Bamboo plants from test randomly7per plant inflorescence, only5inflorescence, and their seed production was100%, with maturefull seed proportion an average of58%, the most was77%, the minimum of35%. Test allindividual shelled seeds are weighing2.35kg/plant, including seed yield maximum yield of7.53kg. Yield to a real yield of variance analysis and multiple comparison, finally arrive at theoptimal formula.6. P. edulis seeds from fertilization to mature for two months or so, before a real harvest,should first according to colour and lustre, full weight is a judgment of whether such as a fullymature. Kind of real harvest time choosing sunny morning9~10points before, choppedbamboo per plant, cut down the branches with ear put together, put to a shop to have branchesper ponchos field, the separation of air basks in to seeds can shake off and knocked off seeds,indoor ventilated place place2days or so, put1piece of phosphoric acid aluminium plates,into the Nylon bag and then into tin foil bag, deposited in the seed bank.7. P. edulis seeds belong to caryopsis (grain), with an average of2.36cm long and0.23cm wide with seed shell; Grain weight seeds with hull is25.63g,23.09g of shelled seeds.Incubator petri dishes for cultivating germination rate is among84.7%~85.5%. |
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