Study On The Characteristics Of Heating And Air-conditioning Load Of Residential Buildings In Hot-summer And Cold-winter Region

With the development of economy and the improvement of living level, people’srequirement for the indoor thermal environment becomes much higher. Heating regionsenlarge southwards, most of which are in hot summer and cold winter zone. As hotsummer and cold winter region in the past is a non-heating area, there is little contentabout characteristics of heating and air conditioning load in handbooks of the heatingand air conditioning design. In this paper, the main factors(building envelope, operationand design temperature) affecting the characteristics of the load of the residential build-ing’s heating and air conditioning were studied.Firstly, the DeST software was selected as the research tool through the compari-son of different simulation software. We measured an actual room’s heating load andrecorded the actual climatic parameters. At the same time, the calculation model of thisroom were established and calculated by the dynamic simulation software DeST. Theaccuracy of the results of DeST is verified by the comparison of the actual measurementand dynamic simulation.Secondly, through the analysis of the typical meteorological year data of cities inhot summer and cold winter region, we selected three cities (Shanghai, Wuhan, Cheng-du) as typical cities for the research. Then, we designed the questionnaire to investigatethe indoor heat gains. Based on the questionnaire data of100households, we statisti-cally analyses hourly emission status of the internal heat sources and their varying rulesunder the conditions of different residence type, different occupancy and electricalequipment usage, and different power of electrical applicants and lighting. We estab-lished indoor heat emission patterns separately for typical residences. Finally, taking a typical residential building in hot summer and cold winter regionas the research object, the calculation model was established. The conditions of differentthermal inertia index D, of different window to wall ratio, of different operation modeland of different indoor design temperature were simulated by the dynamic simulationsoftware DeST. According to the results of simulation, we found that the thermal inertiaindex D of external walls and window to wall ratio of south windows are less influentialon the heating and air-conditioning design load and seasonal load of residential buildingin this region. But, compared with continuous operation mode, the energy for heatingcan be reduced by14.6%to22.2%and energy for cooling can be reduced by33%to47.8%by using the intermittent operation mode. We also found that energy consump-tion of the heating season can be reduced by11%through winter indoor design temper-ature for every1℃. In this paper, the variation of the heating and cooling load in designday and the composition of the design load were analyzed. The design heating load ap-peared at the beginning of heating and the design cooling load appeared at23:00. Thesensible heat load accounted for the most of the design load. In summer, the fresh airlatent load is3-7times of the fresh air sensible load. Also, heating and cooling loadfrequency distribution of residential building under intermittent operation was analyzedand the frequency distribution curve of the residential building in this region was pro-posed. Thus, this paper could provide some reference for design and operation of theheating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems of residential buildings in this region.