| Fujian Tulou is included in the World Heritage List since2008, Yongding World Heritage which was being developed earliestly in Fujian Tulou, attracted the world’s attention. In addition to the "unique in the world of the fabulous mountain building mode" Earthen, more embedded in the rich Earthen Earthen settlement of Hakka culture. The protection and development of Yongding World Heritage land is not only for the protection of soil building, but also more importantly to the protection of Hakka culture and heritage. In Earthen landscape protection and development process, how to showcase its unique architectural charm and reflects its deep Hakka cultural heritage at the same time, this initiative has important practical significance in the process to enhance the overall landscape of Yongding World Heritage connotation. Author access to a large number of relevant literature, in-depth investigation to understand the manifestation of Hakka culture and its conservation status in the the Yongding World Heritage landscape, analysis of the results are as follows:(1) Through literature review and site visits, elaborate the related concepts and basic overview of the the Yongding World Heritage.(2) Study the formation and development of the Hakka culture, summed up the basic connotation of Hakka culture—"based on the Central Plains culture, gaming and acculturation of the alien culture, as well as a special immigrant culture" Depth discussion and analysis of the characteristics of Hakka culture and conservation value, summarize its main features, the four-points are significant social nature, the distinctive nature of the space-time, historical heritage nature, and the contents of the extensive separately. To protection value lies in its social value, ecological value, economic value, cultural value and landscape value.(3) With the survey of Yongding Hakka earth building which based on some related theories, we analysed the Hakka culture which is showed from the Yongding Hakka earth building settlement landscape. Then, we concluded four characteristics of this kind of landscape:the good site selection with the consideration of wind direction and stream flow, high quality of arrangement of water, trees, building, the variety of settlement landscape structure and the simple and natural landscape. Above all show the influence of Hakka culture to the structure of Yongding Hakka earth building landscape.In-depth analysis of Hakka culture embodied in the soil building landscape, we display a comprehensive of Hakka culture in soil building process from five aspects First, Strange ways of living together; Second, Heaven’s architectural forms; Third, the simple and perfect architectural details of the dealing; Fourth, solid defense system and the inspiring plaque and couplets. All of the above confirmed an integral relationship between Yongding Tulou and the Yongding Hakka culture. In addition, we also comprehensively expounded the important enrichment effect of Hakka culture in Religion, folk activities, food culture, language songs. Further emphasizes the complement importance of the Yongding World Heritage landscape protection and the Hakka cultural preservation heritage.(4)Under the guidance of Multidisciplinary theories which include Chinese classical garden aesthetics. Landscape Architecture, Landscape Ecology, Landscape Engineering, Cultural Ecology and so on. Putting forward five Protection principles in view of Yongding World Heritage Landscape about the background of Hakka culture, namely, In situ protection strategy, Overall protection strategy. Ecological priority strategy, human-oriented strategy and Rational development strategy. By the survey of Protection status quo and causes about Yongding World Heritage Landscape, we think deeply about the problem that Hakka culture Living conditions at yongding earth buildings heritage.(5) It carried out a detailed field survey on the the Yongding World Heritage landscape conservation status, analysis the gaps and main problems in the World Heritage landscape. According to the raised issues, it put forward seven corresponding protection approches, including restore the ecology, saving the settlement pattern of Tulou; repairing the Tulou building as old as the original appearance;creating a strong atmosphere of Hakka culture; refining symbol, establishing a brand image of the landscape; perfectting commentary and publicity system by Multi-channel; increasing cultural exchange channels by interactive ways.Appropriate protective measures was put forward to realize the Yongding World Heritage landscape protection status and problems. We also study the protection and Heritage of Hakka cultural to the case of Yongding Hongkeng Folk Culture Village Landscape Planning. This work based on Hakka cultural background. It not only give theoretical provide and practical guidance to the Earthen World Heritage to landscape protection and construction, but also provide theoretical and practical guidance for other World Heritage protection of the cultural background and development. |
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