A Review On The Relationship Between Human And Nature In European Gardens During16-18th Century

Generally speaking, traditional European Garden, including concept and form,strongly reflects the contrast between human and nature. However, everything andphenomena invariably divide into two. Garden art itself embodies people to naturalobjects and landscape appreciation, and corresponding pursuit of living environmentin general reflected in a human ideal model for natural use and reform at the sametime, some real natural or nature directly under the enlightenment of the humanlandscape, or present in many design and appreciate the goalsThis article re-analyzed and studied four representative gardens sinceRenaissance: Italian renaissance garden, Baroque Garden, France classical garden,and England landscape garden in18th century, in which the relationship betweenhuman and nature is reviewed. From these we can see, in European geometric gardenmainly embodying the contrast between human and nature, implication of naturalbeauty is expressed in certain fashion or makes people associate it with natural beauty;on the other hand, England landscape garden, unlike China traditional garden, doesnot show harmony between human and nature.In Geometric garden, nature is controlled by human·s rationality, while naturalbeauty is embodied in a potential and implicit way: in Italian Renaissance garden, it isimplicated by the comparison between geometric view and natural view (or indicatesnature directly), and the original natural blithe is revealed more and more obviouslythrough the landscape along the central line; In Baroque Garden, it is reflected in thelandscape with elongated axle view corridor and concentrating natural ornature-indicated landscape in prospect, as well as motivation of various potentialinterest to every natural element artificially; In France classical garden, it isimplicated as dynamic coordination of broader and more complete natural organism，control of wider ideal nature· under rationality, and environment characteristiccontained in nature world itself in geometric composition.As for natural garden represented by England natural landscape of18th century,the form and aesthetics of garden can be further divided, combining with therelationship with first and second nature to every extent; First, ideal nature, likeArcadian garden as paradise, treats the wonderland in ancient legend as desirableenvironment in new era; Second, in practical nature, mainly involving gardening offarm, it is decoration and beautification of second type of nature in humanmanufacture, i.e. countryside and wild; Third, in primitive nature, the agitate emotionof this kind of garden is characterized by wildness and precipitousness through littleartificial process based on first nature prototype. In these gardens, human life inreality varnishesμ.