Tracing Monitoring On Farmland From Reclamation In Loess Plateau Surface Coal Mine

Coal industry has made outstanding contributions for our economic development,its extensive development has simultaneously brought serious damage to land use andenvironmental. There are extremely abundant coal resources in Loess Plateau, whichis known as "Wujin plateau". But at the same time coal resources exploration makesthe fragile environment worse with strong sensitivity to land use changes. What’smore, in order to accord with the requirement of ecological civilization constructionand―beautiful China‖, reclamation work will be regarded as an important means todefend the red line of arable land and ecological. With the relevant laws andregulations been put into effect, the reclamation work would initially make someachievements. But owing to the management, technology and related specificationsare not perfect, and there is reclamation technicians lacked and other reasons,reclamation supervision still needs to be further strengthened and enhanced.Based on review of domestic and abroad research on the reclamation institution,technology and monitoring method, through analyzing the risk of farmland which isformed by reclamation in Loess Plateau opencast mine, combined with the LandReclamation Ordinance, Opencast Mine Reclamation Technical Standards, LandReclamation Quality Control Standards relevant requirements, build the trackingmonitoring index system from four aspects, including soil, vegetation reconstruction,reconstruction of facilities and the reclamation efficiency. And according to thecharacteristics and management attributes, the monitoring indicators are givencharacteristics of expectations and constraints. And then according to the stability andthe variation of each index, as well as the suitable time for evaluate there clamationeffect, setting monitoring frequency and period. By summarizing routine monitoringindicators and methods, provides the reference for the monitoring of implementation.Finally, this paper takes the westdump in Shanxi Pingshuo opencast coal mine as thestudy area, and adopts the method of time series method replaced the space sequence,and divides the West dump of agricultural land into three tracking monitoring cycle, from the aspect of soil, vegetation and reclamation benefit, analyses the monitorindicators during three monitoring period respectively.Monitoring results show that soil moisture is gradually increasing with the timeprolonged reclamation, and is higher than the level of original topography. Soil bulkdensity is decreasing year by year, but has not yet recovered to the original bulkdensity level of natural landforms, agricultural soil reclamation physical traits a largedegree of improvement, there are different degrees of soil organic matter contentincreases. Total phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium content present increase trend inthree consecutive monitoring period, when comes to the third monitoring period, werehigher than the original landscape. The mixed configuration model of trees, shrubsand grass vegetation coverage, trees, shrubs vegetation coverage, shrubs and grasshave a higher average vegetation coverage than pure configuration mode such as treeor shrubs or grass. Tree, shrub and grass configuration models superior to pure tree orshrub. The overall platform ecological value of three monitoring periods is higherthan the slope. The no reclamation contrast experiment area at first and thirdmonitoring cycle has a certain ecological value due to the invasive vegetation.