Experimental Research On Running Smooth Of Flotation Rails And Corresponding Turning Technology Of Ultra-precision Machine

With the development of science and technology, the manufacturing precision andassembly precision of mechanical products are required to be more high-precision),many scholars pay more attention to the ultra-precision processing. Ultra-precisionprocessing depends on ultra-precision machines, which consist of spindle motorsystem and rail movement system. The kinematic accuracy of the spindle and rail willdirectly affect the machining accuracy, especially rail running accuracy, which wouldseriously influence the machining accuracy, positioning accuracy, the workpiecesurface roughness, shape and position accuracy, waviness etc, and may even causeadverse consequences of knives damaged and products scrapped. These results are notconducive to the ultra-precision machining of the part. This article aim at the runningsmoothness of the guiding rail, the optical turning state of the ultra-precision machinetools are found out by changing the rail transmission system, modifying the internal airpressure of the flotation rail and speed of the guide rail, thus the processingperformance of the machine is improved and the machining accuracy will beimproved.This article uses the standard rate of speed and the coefficient of speed uniformityto evaluate the running smoothness of the rail. The grating is installed to detectdisplacement of the rail and the circuit of grating signal acquisition will be designed tooutput the actual speed of the guiding rail. On this basis, the influence of the guidetransmission system, running speed, gas pressure to the stability of the running rail willbe studied through experiments, and the rule of influence will be found. What’s more,this paper will study in which transmission system the stability of guiding rail is betterunder the same speed, and the optical value under which the guiding rail runs smoothlywill be obtained.According to the research results of the stability of the running railthe ultra-precision processing technology experiments are carried out, and theinfluence of the rail transmission system, running speed and gas pressure to theprocessing accuracy of the ultra-precision machines are studied, and the influence ruleand the optical turning state will be obtained. In addition, the experiment results willbe analyzed to verify whether there is corresponding relationship between the stabilityof the running rail and the processing accuracy of the machine.The study found that at the same turning conditions, the flotation rail ofultra-precision machine tools in the "servo motor+ball screw" transmission system,with a constant internal gas pressure P=0.35Mpa and rail speed v=5mm/min. Thestability of the running rail is relatively better, and the machining accuracy is relativelyhigher. In addition, while the rail speed is within a certain range, there’s corresponding relationship between the stability of the running rail and the machining precision of themachine.