Research On The Problems Of Traditional Environment Right Of Local Residents Around Nature Reserves In China

China has been at a critical stage of the12th five-year plan, while transforming themode of economic development positively, and gradually formed a new developmentpath, that gives consideration to both material civilization and spiritual civilization,improving the economic efficiency and emphasizing social fairness, optimizing thedistribution of resources and strengthening environmental protection. It makes theChinese socialist construction more or further development. Under the guidance of theScientific Outlook on Development, we adhere to the road of sustainable developmentof the population, resources and environment, and effectively reduce the resource costand environmental cost in social and economic development. Due to the influenceshistorical reason and regional differences, farmers living the remote backwardminority areas, couldn’t equally share the development result. Especially since variousnatural environment resources protection project has been implemented, productionand living material source of the rural have been gradually reduced, and farmers havenot been unable to make use of the surrounding environment resources through thetraditional way to support the survival and development of individuals and families.Based on the above questions, from the perspective of traditional environmentalrights, this article takes the farmers lived surrounding nature reserves as researchobjects. Through collecting and analyzing research literatures related to naturereserves and peripheral communities at home and abroad, we found that there is nospecialized research on traditional environmental rights of residents lived aroundnature reserves.Firstly, on the basis of reference of the domestic and foreign related researchliterature, the author defines the meaning of traditional environmental rights andexpands its concept. Traditional environment right is one of important rights sharedby the local residents. The essential stipulation of traditional environment rights is tohave access to environmental resources and extract natural resources to support localresidents’ livelihood. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the traditionalenvironmental rights of the local residents in the process of construction andmanagement of nature reserves.Secondly, through combing and analyzing current research achievements about therelationship between nature reserve and surrounding communities, this paperconcludes that empirical judgment: there is a conflict on the possession and use ofenvironmental resources between nature reserve and its surrounding residents. Thenature reserves weaken the local residents’ traditional environmental rights.Again, farmers’ traditional environmental rights is decomposed into threedimensions, including stock of natural resources (mainly farmland, forest land) andavailable resources scale farmers had, the current situation of use of environmentalresources by traditional means and all kinds of corresponding compensation, in order to make the investigation of the farmers’ rights with pertinence and operability. Thisthesis adopts empirical research, and takes the WoLong Nature Reserve as a case, andunderstands detailed meanings of three dimensions in the form of questionnaire andinterview. The results prove that farmers’ arable land stock and forest land have reducedresulted from nature reserve, the farmers’ individual and families compensation isinsufficient and the collective forest lands do not get compensation, farmers usingtraditional environment resources space have been limited, absence of supply ofpublic services and infrastructure.Finally, aiming at solving the problems of traditional environment rights enjoyed bylocal residents lived around the WoLong Nature Reserve, this thesis puts forwardthree suggestions, which would be to increase the intensity of compensation andimprove farmers’ allocation proportions of earnings in environmental resourcesdevelopment and introduce special development projects to help farmers regain therights of use environmental resources, and increase the intensity of fiscal transferpayment to perfect rural public services and infrastructure.