Study On Wetland Forming And Community Structure Of Donghaiyang Wetland In Fujian Province

Diverse wetland vegetation types were discovered and investigated at Donghaiyang wetland, which is a perfect study site for mountain marsh and located in Mountain Emeifeng Nature Reserve, Taining county, Fujian Province. We investigated the wetlands sediment, the species composition, the community characteristics, as well as the vegetation succession of Donghaiyang wetland. The main results are given as follows:(1) The main factors of formation of Donghaiyang wetland are listed below. Nearly closed basin topography is conducive to water collection. Wetland sediments with clay and clay loam, poor permeability, making surface retain moisture for long-term. Cwc type of climate, low temperatures, and large temperature difference between day and night, conducive to the rock fragmentation and decomposition, water promote the development of wetland. Combinating these factors make the wetland formation and evolution.(2) We recorded148species in60families,97genus which all belongs to Vascular plants at Donghaiyang wetland. Three families contained more than10species, which are Rosaceae, Theaceae and Cyperaceae.34families contained only single genus and single species, which occupied56.67percent of the total families, indicating that plant species diversity and complexity.(3) The geographical flora of Donghaiyang wetland mainly belong to temperate zone, and reflects intrazonal of wetland vegetation.(4) The plots in our study site can be classified to13community types, including leaf-floated plant community-Nymphaea tetragona community; emerged plant communities-Schoenoplectus mucronatus community and Sagittaria wuyiensis community; wet herbaceous communities-Juncus prismatocarpus community, Juncus effusus community, Eleocharis tetraquetra community; Sphagnum sp. community; shrub communty-Rosa multiflora community; and5kinds woody communities, namely Alnus trabeculosa community, Pinus taiwanensis community, Daphniphyllum macropodum community, Acer davidii community, Cyclobalanopsis multinervis community. Alnus trabeculosa community belongs to forest swamp.(5) The vegetation succession of Donghaiyang wetland from the phases of lake’s development to the beginning of terrestrial, then to the phases of development of forest swamp, and in the phases of oligotrophic swamp. Alnus trabeculosa forest and mountain vegetation staggered transition is toward forest vegetation in a direction.(6) In the succession process of Donghaiyang wetland, the species diversity gradually increased, with the change from the phase of herbaceous to woody plant as a milestone, and the species richness and aboundance also increased rapidly. The species diversity in the process of succession has been enriched and developed better, finally tends to stable.