The Effect Of Environmental Temperature On Natural Immunity, Antioxidant Function And Energy Consumption In Bufo Bufo Gargarizans

Because of the emission of carbon dioxide and destruction of virgin forest, heat waves, drought and warn winter has become more and more frequent. Amphibian were experienced a population decline and extinction. Therefore, the relationship between the survival crisis and global climate anomalies has become one of the hot spot theme, but the study about physiological and ecological mechanism is still rare.This paper selected Bufo bufo gargarizan as the experiment object, focus on the effect of hyperthermia and two degree of cold acclimation on the natural immunity, energy consumption and testis ATP content, to explore how the widespread species adapt to the environment temperature changes, and whether the species exist the corresponding physiological tolerance or adaptation mechanism. The main results were as followed:(1) The response mechanism of Bufo bufo gargarizan immune activity and energy consumption to hyperthermia. The treatment groups were transfered to32℃after acclimated at22℃for2weeks, and the control group remained unchanged, at0,6,12,24and48h, sampling and determing the index of natural immunity and energy. The results shows that:the peripheral blood cell phagocytosis activity and spleen macrophages respiratory burst of Bufo bufo gargarizan were inhibited significantly (p<0.05) by hyperthermia. The content of hepatic glycogen was fluctuating around the initial level, but the blood glucose was falling under the initial level at24and48h. The content of ATP in testis was raising and higher than initial level at24and48h, but Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase was at the same level always, the Na+-K+-ATPase showing a upward trend after falling first, but had no statistical difference with the control group at the same period. (2) The response mechanism of Bufo bufo gargarizan immune activity and energy consumption to cold acclimation. Bufo bufo gargarizan were acclimated to4℃and12℃, at0,7,14,21and28h, sampling and determing the index of natural immunity and energy. The results shows that:the peripheral blood cell phagocytosis activity and spleen macrophages respiratory burst of Bufo bufo gargarizan at4℃were lower than at12℃, and the cold acclimation can stimulate the natural immunity. Cold acclimation makes MDA showed a trend of rise after the fall and always keep at high level, SOD and GSH also show the same pattern and restored to the initial level after28days acclimation. Cold acclimation makes glycogen showed a trend of rise after the fall, and glucose always keep at high level to protect organism. The content of ATP in testis reached a pick after7days but declined sharply(p<0.05) and restored to initial level finally, Na+-K+-ATPase was restored to initial level after falling significantly(P<0.05), Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase was declined at4℃but kept steady through28days.In conclusion, Bufo bufo gargarizan will protective improve testis ATP supply and convert glycogen to glucose satisfy the energy demand after temperature stress; the activity of natural immunity of Bufo bufo gargarizan were inhibited by hyperthermia, but cold acclimation can stimulate the natural immunity to make up the specific immunity; and have a excellent antioxidant defense to alleviate oxidative stress caused by cold acclimation. Those can explain the reason of widespread of Bufo bufo gargarizan to some extent.