The Study On Anatomy Of Vegetative Organs Of Akebia Plants In Henan Province

Akebia is the wild plant resource with high development value, which is with high nutrient and medicinal value. Currently there are many researches of Akebia, but mostly are the researches of its current situation, chemical composition and pharmacological action etc. However there is no research of the anatomic structure of Akebia.. This paper is targeted for the comparison of the anatomic structures of two Akebia plants in Henan Province, with the expectation to provide theory basis for the classification and verification and make fully development and utilization for the Akebia plants.The experiment makes paraffin section with the Akebia Decne.(Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. and Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.) distributed in Henan Province, making comparison research of the vegetative organs of each part, and the results are as follows:(1) The blades of Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz. and Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne. are both consisted of upper epidermis, lower epidermis, mesophyll and leaf vein. The upper and lower epidermises are with one level each, and the cell of upper epidermis is thicker than the lower part. And the cell of upper epidermis is with no stoma, which is only distributed in the lower epidermis; mesophyll are both consisted of palisade tissue and spongy tissue, for the palisade tissue of Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz., it is with three levels of cells; while for Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., it is with two levels of cells, both of which is with the shape of oblong and set closely; while the spongy tissue is placed loose; in mesophyll there is developed leaf vein. And there are2to3levels of prothenchyma with cyclic annular placement around the vascular bundle of main vein.(2) There are no big structural difference of the petiole of Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. and Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.. Both are consisted of epidermis, fundamental tissue and vascular bundle. And the shape of section is close to circular. The epidermis is with one level of cell, and beneath it, there are1to2levels of cells in collenchymas. Vascular bundle is distributed in parenchymal tissue, and there is bundle sheath consisted of prothenchyma around vascular bundle. For Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., it is obviously with more levels of prothenchyma than Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz.. There are neither any obvious prothenchyma in the top and base of petiole; while for ramastrum, it is consisted of cutin membrane, epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle and pith. The parenchymal cells of cortex in ramastrum of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. are obviously larger than those in Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz., which is also covering larger percentage than Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz.The area of pith of Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. is larger than Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne..(3) The stem is consisted of epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder and pith. The quantity of cortex in caulicle and stem of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. is larger than Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz.. In section, the vascular bundle covers one fifth of total area. The quantity of vascular bundle in Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. is14to18, while for Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., there are13to16. Both are surrounded by prothenchyma. And the quantity of vascular bundle is gradually decreasing as the aging of the stem.(4) From outside to inside, there are epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder in radical. While for older roots, there are periderm, secondary phloem, cambium, secondary xylem and primary xylem. In root, the duct caliber of xylem in Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. is larger than those in Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz..(5) Both the carpopodium of Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. and Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. are consisted of periderm, parenchyma cell, phloem, xylem, and pith. Periderm is located at the outer level of carpopodium, which is consisted of phellem layer, phellogen and phelloderm; beneath the periderm, it is the parenchyma cell. There are no obvious vascular bundle structure of carpopodium, but it is obviously distinguished with different areas, from outside to inside, they are bast fiber, phloem and xylem.In summary, the structure of Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. and Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. are similar, but there are many differences in the structure of blade, petiole and stem; the medicinal parts of Akebia Decne. are mainly the vegetative organs, and the Medicinal composition is mainly distributed in the parenchymal tissue of cortex, pith and phloem.