Driving Forces Of Landscape Pattern Changes And Function Zoning Based On Watershed In Mountain Area

The formation and variation of landscape pattern are the composite reflect of the areaecological environment quality, which are the results of multi factor interaction of nature andman-made. To study the certain landscape patterns provides an effective method forunderstanding the status of landscape ecology and its spatial variability. Functionregionalization is an important primary work on ecological construction and ecologicalenvironment protection in our country, following agricultural regionalization and naturalregionalization; it is of great practical significance to the enhancement and protection ofregional land resources, also the sustainable development of environment.This paper takes typical mountain area Qixia as the object of the study, and watershedas research scale. Using GIS technology, taking topographic maps, land-use map, remotesensing data and socio-economic statistics, it establishes the digital elevation model, builds aspatial database of regional impact factors, and then carries out the analysis on watershedlandscape pattern dynamic changes and the driving forces of landscape change. In the end, itproposes the program of function division, which provides a strong scientific basis for landuse planning, adjustment of agricultural structure and improvement of the ecologicalenvironment at Qixia. This paper mainly discusses the following questions.(1) Throughout1997-2010on Qixia watershed landscape pattern change, it can beobtained: during1997-2010landscape patches at various watershed increase with years. Inthe year of2010, average patch area at various watershed decreases1.5-2hm~2comparing tothe year of1997. It indicates that during1997-2010degree of fragmentation at various riverbasins is continuously intensifying. From1997to2010the fractal dimension index of eachwatershed landscape increases by an average of about0.05-0.1, indicating that the patch shapehas become more complex compared with the year of1997. Compared with1997, in2010thewatershed landscape dominance index has increased, at an average about0.1. It shows thatcompared with1997there is a certain degree of increase in the proportion of differences ofthe various landscape types in2010watershed landscape. Diversity index has decreased yearby year from1997to2010, at an average between0.1-0.2, indicating that landscape structureis becoming increasingly simple. The evenness index of various watershed has decreased lessthan0.1between1997to2010, indicating the degree of uniformity of the landscape patchtypes distribution has reduced, at the same time the diversity has also slightly reduced. Landscape shape index of each watershed in1997-2010has increased, with the increasingrange of10-25, indicating that the gathering degree of landscape different patch types hasreduced, and the overall boundary shape of landscape patches tend to be complex.(2) Selected from natural factors, location factors and socio-economic factors, thedriving factors are obtained. Through logistic regression analysis, it found out thatconstruction land distribution is the interaction result of location driving factors andsocio-economic driving factors. Socio-economic factors have played a major role inconstruction land expansion. And the nature and location driving forces determine thedirection of construction land expansion. From1997to2010, the grassland spatial pattern isrelatively stable, the area was slightly reduced. Nature and location factors directly affect thelocation of the grassland spatial distribution. Socio-economic driving force impacts the size ofthe grassland distribution area, and the degree of fragmentation of the landscape patches.Woodland spatial distribution has significant local variations characteristics. Woodlandschange is synergy result of natural driving factors and socio-economic driving factors.Socio-economic driving factors enhanced significant increase of woodland in1997-2010.Enormous social and economic benefits have led to significant increase of garden area inrecent years. The spatial layout of farmland is largely affected by the nature and locationfactors. And its changes in size largely influenced by socio-economic factors. The change ofunused land is mainly affected by the topographic location, rainfall and distance from themain road, distance from the main towns, population density changes. The area change isdecreased year by year. The main factors affecting the water landscape pattern change aremainly affected by climate and other natural factors, and the area basically remainsunchanged.(3) From natural conditions, resources environment and socio-economic aspects,29district indicators are selected. Adopting cluster analysis and principal component analysismethod, Qixia river basins are divided into four types of function areas: High quality modernagricultural development areas cover approximately30.92%. The main direction ofdevelopment of this area is to vigorously develop modern agriculture and agriculture facilities,hence to improve the stability of agricultural production and regional ecological security.Efficient ecological agriculture development area covers approximately35.23%. Garden areaoccupies about34.89%of the total area. In addition, the natural and ecological conditions ofthe area are also suitable for high-quality trees of economic value. In the meantime, it is alsodistributed with certain area of farmland, which means also suitable for developing diversified,compound-type efficient ecological agriculture, in order to achieve the efficient development of the regional eco-agriculture. Function zones of soil and water conservation covers an areaof approximately21.90%. Land development and utilization of this area should be mainlyfocused to soil and water conservation, hence to strengthen regional and reasonable utilization,and improve self-ecological regulation and control capacity in the area. Ecological protectionarea accounts for11.95%of the total area. This area should put priority on the protection ofnatural vegetation, and conduct reasonable arrangements for the spatial distribution of thevegetation, hence to improve the regional landscape heterogeneity.