Remote Sensing Of Land Reclamations And Its Impact On Wetland Landscapes Along The Bohai Gulf, China

Bohai bay coastal zone is one of the most developed and developmentmore quickly regions in china, which economic status is very important.Due to the rapid development of economy, the landscape pattern of theregion has changed, especially ecological diversity and stability of thecoastal wetland are damaged. And also reclamation activity has importinfluence to the change of coastal zone wetlands. In order to learn moreabout the landscape pattern change and impact of reclamation activitieson the coastal zone in Bohai bay coastal zone, in this paper, land use andland cover data in1980,1990,2000and2010that extracted from Landsatimages are applied to study LUCC, landscape pattern change and thedriving force, the distribution of reclamation activity and the impact onthe coastal wetland. Some conclusions from studies are drawn as follows:(1) The change of farmland in the study area is obvious, particularlyinternal types of farmland conversion between1990and2000, when mostof paddy field is converted into dry land, which is caused by insufficientagricultural irrigation water rationing. On the whole, the area ofcultivated land is generally showed a trend of decrease, especially paddyfield area is greatly reduced, most of them converted into the land, led to a number of high quality cultivated land occupied.(2) Residential and industrial land has been increasing in the studyarea, especially the economy more developed urban areas, such as Tianjin,Tangshan, Panjin, Dongying. The rapid increase of population is the mainreason for increasing of residential and industrial land. In case offarmland is protected by stated, there will not enough farmland supply theland demand of residential and industrial land, which makes people getland from the sea, then sea reclamation activity increased. However, thelack of appropriate measures and suggestions, so many swamps and tidalflats are being destroyed.(3) Through the analysis of landscape index in the study area, thelandscape pattern changes of various types are obtained. In whole,farmland is still the main type of land and well stability, but the degree offragmentation increase and dominance of farmland is gradually reducing.The area of residential and industrial land is increasing and degree ofaggregation of the land is high. So it has well dominance than others,which will make farmland be the main land of the study region. Firstly,ponds are increasing. But due to the development of economic andchanges of industry, ponds tend to gradually degradation. Wetlands ofcoastal zone such as mash wetland and beaches is also graduallydegradation with fragmentation increased and stable weakened, which isbadly in need of the corresponding protective measures. (4) Under the analysis of landscape pattern changes in the study area,it shows that human activities are the main driving factors of the changes.Activities of agriculture、fisheries production are the key factors ofdecreasing of coastal wetland, and the change of between paddy field anddryland is resulted from activities of agriculture. With the increase ineconomic activity in the study area, the urbanization speed up and morepeople pour into the city, which increase the need of land for sleep andwork. Then other lands are changed into residential and industrial land,which cause the landscape change of the study area. In the end, thestability of the landscape of the study area is destroyed.(5) The reclamation is one of main factors that lead to the landscapechange of the study area, which mainly distributed in developed area suchas Tianjin, Tangshan and river estuary area. Most of the reclamationactivities around area in the tidal flats and coastal waters, and them aremainly used for the breeding, port, residence, etc. Along with manyactivities of the reclamation, wetland area is decreased dramatically,which become the main factors of degradation and about70%of thewetlands are directly related to the reclamation.