| Ha Nam province lies in Hong River Plain of Vietnam and lies between longtitude105~045’ to106~010’ E and latitude20~020’ to20~045’ N. The province has jurisdiction over5counties and1city: Phu Ly, Duy Tien, Binh Luc, Kim Bang, Thanh Liem and Ly Nhan, witha total area of86018.33ha of the nation land area of0.25percent or the Red River Plainland area of6.6percent. Ha Nam province has various land use types that include3firstlevel classes,13second level classes. The three first level classes are farmland,non-farmland and unused land. The13second level classes are cultivated land, forest land,Aquiculture land, other farmland, residential land, function-facility land, belief land,graveyard, water area, other non-farmland, flat unused land, massif unused land and otherunused land.Since2000, the change speed of land use of the area has been increasing, and thedriving forces of it were industrialization and modernization polices. The study of the thesisis an land-use change trend of the area so that provides some suggestions and advices aboutthe optimization schemes of land-use structure.Ha Nam province of Vietnam was chosen as the study area of the thesis. The collecteddata included Landsat TM images, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), county Politian maps,etc. The selected methods included the single land use dynamic index, Gibbs-Martindiversity index, urbanization intensity index, population-urban growth index and theMackov forecast model. On the basis of these data, these approaches were employed toinvestigated the land use change during2000to2010based on the Remote Sensing (RS),Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) integratedenvironment. The results showed that:(1)The farmland area of61325.21ha had decreased to56104.28ha, reduced5220.93habetween2000and2010. The chief cause of which was that the rapid development ofeconomy and Accelerating urbanization turned farmland into urban land. Proportion offarmland over the whole province area had been falling from72.37%to65.2%.With the rapid development of society economy of Ha Nam province, non-farmlandapparently increased, especially residential land and function-facility land. From2000to2010, residential land increased to5378.6ha from4281.39ha, the annual change area109.72ha; at the same time, function-facility land increased to14890.4ha from10368.54ha,the annual change area452.19ha. The main reason was that to meet the rapid economicdevelopment needs, Ha Nam province strengthened the infrastructure construction. Unused land include three land types: flat unused land, massif unused land and exposedrock. From2000to2010, unused land increased to3806.5ha from2308.73ha, the annualchange area1497.77ha, and the proportion of it over the whole province area increased to4.42%from2.72%. Through the total area of unused land increased, flat unused land andmassif land decreased, the total change area19.2ha and635.69ha, separately. While thearea of exposed rock increased to2455.47ha from302.8ha, the annual change area215.27ha.(2)The land use index of Ha Nam province was low in2000. The change of the land usedegree was small from2000to2005, Iequaled to2.62, while the change of theland use degree was obvious, Iequaled to6.12from2005to2010. This showedthat the area strengthen the development and utilization of land resources between2005and2010.(3) Land use transition matrix analysis reflects HaNam province urbanization process isnot only a lot of agricultural land into a non-agricultural land, also includes the adjustmentand transformation between the non-agricultural land, is converted to living space andspecial facilities for land. In the10years2000-2010, the outflow of the agricultural outputof land area for4349.69ha, which converted to residential land, the land area of specialfacilities for a total of3402.01ha, accounting for78.21%of the total outflow of the landarea of agricultural output; into the area of unused land for7259.23ha. Non-agriculturalland within the water system and a dedicated surface of the water is converted into livingspace and special facilities and land area of25.13ha and45.13ha respectively, the land ofliving space and special facilities for mutual transformation of85.37ha and22.73ha.(4)Based on the Mackov forecast model, the paper predicted the land use change of HaNam from2010to2020. The result showed that the areas of residential land,function-facility land and exposed rock would continue to increase; the areas of Aquicultureland, other farmland, belief land, graveyard and other non-farmland would increase slowlyin waves; the area of cultivated land and forest land would continue to decrease; the area offlat unused land and massif land would decrease gradually.(5) Vietnam HaNam provincial land use the existence of three major questions:①Thearea of agricultural land transformed into a large number of urban land (2) woodland landarea to reduce most of the area turn into Rock Hill is not the woods③land ecologicalenvironment remain uncertain, and proposed land use protection andrecommendations: the①innovative land management system to protect development sites (2) to enforceconservation intensive land use, and enhance the overall development level③the implementation of the common accountability mechanisms to promote the linkage ofrelevant policies④strengthen land ecological and environmental protection, construction ofecological civilization. |
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