Comparative Study Of Land Reform In The Early 1950 S Mainland And Taiwan

This article deepning the research of the mainland and Taiwan land reform in three aspects:background, policy and effection.Reflect from the background, the mainland and Taiwan land reform had some similar points, such as before land reform, both the mainland and Taiwan’s economic were destoried by war,both of them needed to be recovered, and their economic foundation were agriculture, so if they wanted to recover economic, they needed to recover agriculture first; Before land reform, land distribution and the tenancy system in rural areas were so unreasonable, the landowners who accounted for only a small fraction of the population monopolized most land, rely on their land and economic dominance, they exploited the peasants, made them on the verge of bankruptcy, the peasants could not increase productivity and lacked of investment willingness, those obstructed the recoverment and development of the rural economic, so unreasonable distribution and the tenancy system should be changed; Both of the new regimes in the mainland and Taiwan were set up not long ago, the new regimes needed to be consolidated, through land reform,they could win the peasants who accounted for most fraction of the population to support the new regimes. At the same time, there were many diefferences of the background between the mainland and Taiwan land reform, such as the political setting they faced were different, in the mainland, the new regime should to eliminate banditries and expropriate local despots, and on the founding of new China, the United States and Western countries began imposing an all-round blockade and embargo against the country, after the Korean War, the mainland should in defence of the homeland. In Taiwan, the government should face the acute contradiction with the peasants and undered the strong pressure liberate Taiwan by force. Advantages in the land reform were different, the mainland had rich experiences of land reform, Taiwan had better economic situation, there were many land, capital and companies that could be used in the land reform.Reflect from the policy, there were many similar policies to the landowners, such as in order to change the unreasonable land distribution and the tenancy system, both the mainland government and Taiwan government made the policy that seize or impose the land which the landowners did not farm upon, the mainland made the policy that to seize the land, farm, animals farm implements, redundant cereals and houses from the landowners. Taiwan government made the policy to impose the landowners’ retention quota of land. If the landowners had the behavior of destructe land reform, they would be punished by laws. The different policies to the landowners were like that; after the new regime had been built in the mainland, the landowners were oppose to the regime, and the mainland government clearly defined that they would eliminate exploitation and oppression by the landowner class, so they seized landowners’ land and property enforce and with no obligation. In Taiwan, the government was the representative of the legitimate rights and interests of the landowners, so they took care of the landowners’ interests, allowed the landowners to retain a quota of land which could be rented to the peasants, at the same time, the landowners could get land-value compensation from the government. Also, there were many similar policies to the peasants, such as in order to achieve the goal that land to the tillers, both the mainland and Taiwan governments allocated the land which from the landowners to the peasants. They made different policies to the peasants based on how much land and cereals they owned, both of them took care of the peasants who had none or little land first. The different policies to the peasants were like that, the peasants in the mainland got land freely, and after land reform, they could buy or sell their land, but the peasants in Taiwan were not the same, they needed to buy the land from the government or the landowners, and after land reform, as laws, they could not sell or rent their land with their willingness.Reflect from the effection, the mainland and Taiwan land reform had some similar effections, such as had similar social benefits and economic benefits, through land reform, both in the mainland and Taiwan, the unreasonable land distribution and the tenancy system had been changed, the peasants’ political position had been promoted and they were at last freed from feudal exploitation, this had greatly fired the enthusiasm of farmers for production, improved the living standards of the peasants, liberation and development of rural productivity at the same time. With agriculture development, enough raw materials and vast market were provided for industry. The different effection were like that:in the mainland, as a class, the landowners was wiped out clean, the goal that land to tillers was achieved. But in Taiwan, the government allowed the landowners to retain a quota of land, after land reform, the landowners had more land than the peasants, the goal that land to tillers was not achieved, the landowners’ political benefits and economic benefits were protected.