Take Zhanjiang, Maoming Hainan In China For Examples To Explore Litopenaeus Vannamei’s, And Tilapia’s Culture Status And Faced Problems

Litopenaeus vannamei is commonly known as South America white shrimp, whichis one kind of tropical shrimp who can adapt wide temperature and wide salinity. It isdelicious in quality and rich in nutrition. It is big and has many advantages, such asgrowing fast, with low nutritional requirement and strong disease resistance etc. So it isa good breed. And also is the highest per unit yield shrimp of the top3kinds of shrimpbreed in the world.Tilapia is the main aquaculture breed in China, which has characters such as fastgrowth, food variety, wide feed source, strong resistance, easy to breeding, high yieldetc. It is not only the aquaculture freshwater cultured fish in the world’s key researchtraining, but also is known as one of the main sources of animal protein in the future.Zhanjiang city and Maoming city in Guangdong province are known as “theShrimp capital of China” and “the Tilapia capital of China” respectively, The shrimpproduction reached250,000tons in2010, which takes up1/5of China. And The tilapiaproduction reached154,000tons in2010, which takes up1/8of China. With thedevelopment of shrimp and tilapia industry, a series of problems emerge, such as shrimpdisease outbreak frequently, germplasm degradation, high risk of aquaculture etc. Thereare some problems in tilapia’s aquaculture, like disease outbreak in successive years,water quality becomes worse, the product price chages to excess, and seedlings qualityis uneven, etc.For better understanding current situation of Litopenaeus vannamei culture，tilapia culture and their sustainable development, multiple-stratifying and random samplingsurvey program was used in this research. From October,2010–March,2011, someresearch methods like stakeholder questionare, status of system workshop, google earth,zone were applied in200shrimp farms’ sample investigation in Zhanjiang, and207tilapia farms in Maoming and Hainan province. And some representative indicators ofsociety、economy and environment were selected to analysis the status of sustainabilityof vanammei and tilapia culture.The results indicate that, according to pond structure, the vanammei stocking modecan be divided into artificial and earth pond.77%of the farms were in profit. During1996-2001and2005-2007, the amount of artificial pond increase fiercely. According tothe result of the question survey: if you want to let your children continue to be engagedin vanammei aquaculture,82%of the interviewees play a negative attitude.The mainnegative factors of vanammei culture were water quality, climate, disease and thequality of seed and so on. The following measures can be applied to promise thesustainable development: use probiotics to regulate water quality, stock small mildpredatory fish reasonably and arrange aquaculture facilities, regulate water supply inthe culture zones, feed shrimp regularly, substitute probiotics to chemical, pay closeattention to the weather changes, arrange aerator time reasonably, detect diseaseregularly, supervise the seed market,arrange seed supply, perfect inspection andquarantine system of breeding shrimp, seed and farm access. Besides, The governmentshould also increase the support of shrimp aquaculture, take corresponding measures tostabilize shrimp price, to ensure farmers’confidence of the industry.There are two kinds of culture mode in Maoming,intensive culture mode andpolyculture mode.,The top negative factors of tilapia’s sustainable development arerespectively climate change, diease, water quality, the price of product, quality ofseedling, quality of feed etc. More than70%of the respondents were not willing to lettheir children engage in the tilapia aquaculture industry. To ensure the sustainable development of tilapia industry, promoting healthy culture technology andpollution-free origin and product certification, establishing the fishery standardizeddemonstration area, and export raw material demonstration base, promoting HACCPquality management system and international certification system is a necessary way.The government should intensify the effort and support of tilapia culture, andfarmers should understand the concept of ecological and healthy culture mode of tilapiaand the future of tilapia industry.The successful experience of basa catfish in Vietnamshould be taken for example in setting minimum purchase price to enhance theconfidence of tilapia farmers.Finally, some aspects of basa catfish and tilapia such as culture mode, productionvolumn, culture area, current situation in culture, international trade etc. are comparedin this research, and Chinese tilapia’s competitive advantages and the developmentdirection are also proposed.