The Structural Characteristics Of China’s Urban

Since reform and opening up33years ago, China’s rapid economic growth, continues to narrow the gap between the developed countries and creates the miracle of the world, China has grown to become the world’s second largest economy. However, as many experts are now recognizing the problem, such as China, vast, populous country, just to describe a total economic output or the average amount is clearly insufficient to embrace the entire level of economic development. Inevitably there will be some common problems in economic growth, such as the expansion of the urban-rural income gap. We are very interested in this topic. In fact, the problem of urban-rural income gap in China is very serious and has affected the economic health of stable and sustainable development. The scale of the problem is deeply reflected in the several times the Chinese government work report.200216th Party Congress documents, our government would put forward the concept of urban and rural development, aimed at easing and gradually resolve the problem of deteriorating urban-rural income gap. The indisputable fact is that the income gap between urban and rural areas the problem still has not been fully resolved.So far, academia has not proposed a system theory framework, and failed to logically consistent explanation either. Existing studies are mostly sectional interpretation of the problem from a different angle or a few different angles:such as stage of development theory and policy preferences on the human capital theory, the market no just theory, and so on. Maybe, China’s urban-rural income gap was the product of multiple causes at different times and different space. As we all know, in the statistical sense, people’s income by source divided into a total of four, those are, wage income, business income, property income and transfer income. Inspired by this, we get the entry point of a study of China’s urban-rural income gap:segments and total. Try to answer at this stage of China’s urban-rural income gap between the emergence of new features, if the answer is yes, then identify these characteristics, not only to alleviate the problem of China’s long-standing gap between urban and rural areas, important policy guidance on the meaning, but also through the reality of China’s situation enrich the existing research in economics.Sichuan Province is China’s urban and rural development pilot provinces and the typical urban-rural income gap and has a certain representation, analyzing the changing trend of the income gap between urban and rural areas in Sichuan Province, and to explore the stage of its new features is undoubtedly a very important.This article is divided into a total of six chapters to discuss China’s urban-rural income gap trend, especially at this stage in China and Sichuan Province, urban-rural income gap characteristics.The first chapter we first introduces the research background and significance. China is a good traditional country of egalitarian ideals, the so-called "scarcity is no better than inequality". Urban-rural income gap and the growing trend caused a serious threat to healthy economic development and social stability and orderly. The expansion of the urban-rural income gap easily lead to social conflicts, emergencies increased, people live a normal life order has been disrupted, furthermore, the imbalance of economic and social conflicts and a vicious interactive cycle, countries and people’s lives and property are not protection. Then give the basic research methods. The main research methods are literature review, empirical research and theoretical abstract methods. Gave a description of the shortcomings of the data, the1949-1978During this time the urban-rural income gap, the statistical system, incomplete, discontinuous, and can not be found before and after the statistical coverage of data analysis, This paper uses a literature review to sort out the urban-rural income gap between the state and changes in the trajectory;1978,1995, because the data system, a comprehensive and complete, according to the source of income for the regression analysis of a full range of interpretation at this stage new trends and new features of the urban-rural income gap; the same time, in order to try to overcome the data gaps arising from trouble, so that the discourse around the logical consistency, this article the evolution of abstraction as the core of economic growth, rural-urban income gap mode. And then the tools used in this article, including multi-variable measurement regression analysis. Account of the need to explain to readers. The second chapter, review the relevant theoretical literature, urban-rural income gap is very early into the researcher perspective, recalling that the crystallization of ideas of the previous research we are doing is very useful. From the urban-rural income gap measure and describe the Causes of, to resolve the path to three aspects to sort out the important documents to the evolution and impact on the urban-rural income gap in China’s reform and opening up the gap and solution of the interaction mechanism has a relatively understanding. Review of the literature and summarized in this paper to avoid the theoretical arguments, only changes in the income gap between urban and rural areas to study the urban-rural income gap. proposed that this part to the overall ideas.Chapter3, changes in the course of review of China’s urban-rural income gap was mainly made for the1949-1994time period of urban and rural income gap between the discourses. First we discuss the heavy industry to give priority to the development of the initial endowment of the initial choice of the economic road as well as China’s economic growth. In developing countries, the mandatory urban tendency is characterized by urban-rural relations is widespread in order to obtain the remainder of the agricultural economy, the country’s industrialization. In the international and domestic political, economic environment, a fast and straightforward national strength and prosperity, self-reliant approach to development is not difficult to understand. In this context, the new Chinese leaders chose the development strategies of the priority development of heavy industry as the goal. But the idea of China’s heavy industry development strategy and not one step, with the number of intermediate steps, including the local test. These intermediate steps in the execution of the starting point are the initial endowment characteristics of each industry sector in China, the largest endowments characterized by capital scarcitry, the absolute scarcity of capital. So, on reasonable reform of the economic development of a breakthrough from the countryside:rural China has been a planned economy is the weakest link, Passing the torch of the commodity exchange market; farmers in the arrangement of the traditional planned economy system, most adverse economic and social status, most of reforming zeal, of agriculture in national economic development pattern, with its sensitive and special places. Then discusses the urban-rural imbalance, caused by the heavy industry development is mainly reflected in a series of national policy."The implementation of the heavy industry strategy in advance, in addition to a set of distortions in product and factor prices as the main macro-policy environment, but also to establish a reliance on market mechanisms of resource allocation system and direct the accumulation of channels, namely" Troika ":the purchase and sale system of agricultural products, the household registration system of restrictions on labor mobility, the rural population tightly locked the people’s commune system in rural areas. Then the remedial measures to make urban-rural imbalance. Solve the problem of insufficient agricultural production incentives is the primary objective of the rural reform in the late1970s and urgent. Agricultural production, household contract responsibility system reform is a micro-system, the processes of change, compared to the previous system, in the production units, business objectives, decision-making process and the market environment has changed fundamentally.The fourth chapter, make a brief overview of the Sichuan Province in rural areas of China’s urban-rural income gap and urban-rural income disparity. Whether or separate Sichuan Province within the country, the urban-rural income gap continued to expand, and the speed faster and faster, and detailed data to more carefully study the change of the urban and rural income gap. The article also national and Sichuan Province, urban-rural income gap, according to the different sources of income from wage income gap, operating income gap, the gap between the income from property and transfer income gap is described in detail.The fifth chapter, look the income gap between urban and rural areas for more detailed comparative analysis by source of income. Ten years from1995to2009, nationwide, as well as the wage income gap in the Sichuan Province, the urban-rural income gap is very significant. Across the country showed an increasing trend, despite the Sichuan Province in this session show the wavering, fluctuating tendency, but on the whole is still an upward trend; operating income gap plays to narrow the urban-rural income gap. Nationally, the role of this narrows slowly decays. Sichuan Province is not in absolute numbers across the country as big, but also made a great contribution to narrowing the income gap; property income gap in the space of two samples we examined showed significantly from year to year an increasing trend, but no matter in which the sample space, the transfer income gap is reflected as income from property income accounted for the proportion of the total income of urban and rural residents are very slim, property income gap has not much role to play; national policy on urban and rural tilt. Nationally, the income gap between urban and rural metastatic expand very rapidly, at the same time, the income gap between the proportion of the total urban-rural income gap has increased steadily year after year, and agreed to maintain a considerable proportion of transfer income has long been, and increasingly become an important power in the urban-rural income gap.The sixth chapter, the empirical analysis and comparison. This chapter is mainly the characteristics of measurement methods of national and Sichuan Province, urban and rural income gap. First of all relevant data EVIEWS software regression equation, and then make a correlation analysis, explain the parts and the inadequacy of using this method. And then using SPSS software by principal component analysis we also found that, by source of income, the income gap between urban and rural areas of importance by the strength of sorting in order:the gap between the wage income, operating income gap, the gap between the property income and transfer income gap. This article also compares these items of income gap between the total gap in Sichuan Province and the country specific differences.The seventh chapter, make a summary and reflection.