Study On The Evaluation Of Urban Land Use Efficiency In Chongqing Based On DEA

China is in the stage of accelerated development of urbanization. The great contradiction of the supply of land for construction and the status of extensive and inefficient land use make raising the efficiency of urban land use an inevitable choice. The county-level land use is the key link to promote the process of urbanization and urban and rural development. So Studing the efficiency of urban land use is of great significance. Measurement of the level of urbanization process, land use problems, land-use efficiency has been explored in existing research home and abroad, yet there are still many shortcomings in the evaluation of the efficiency of land use. Based on the literature review of existing research, this study defined the meaning of urbanization and urban land-use efficiency. Using sustainable land use theory, urban and regional coordinated-development theory, and intensive land use theory, it was found that natural factors such as climate, economic factors, such as industrial structure, economic development level, the level of urbanization, technical factors and demographic factors are the main factors affecting the level of urban land use efficiency.Chongqing has Superior economic location, but with a large population and relatively backward industry structure and imperfect infrastructure, its tertiary industry development is insufficient, and the social economic development inequality of three areas is apparent. Chongqing’s urbanization is on a low level, huge regional differences exsiting. The development of urban system is defected with an imcompleted hierarchical structure, a large urban primacy ratio and an unobvious drive effect and weak functional division of the main urban districts. On the whole, Chongqing land use has the characteristics of small per capital land area, large proportion of woodland, and fast construction land expansion. And its urban construction land increased swiftly, with an unbalanced spatial distribution and an unreasonable land use structure. Intensive land use was not well performed and land use management was not well implemented.Data envelopment analysis has many advantages in urban land use efficiency evaluation, and the BC2and the Malmquist model are especially suitable. This study took40counties of Chongqing as the the evaluation unit, chose four factors—each county’s total investment in fixed assets, total area of construction land, the second industry employment, and the tertiary industry employment—as the input indicatators; and chose five output indicators:output value of the second and the tertiary industry, total retail sales of social consumer goods, rate of urbanization and per capita GDP. Using these input and output indicators data of2000-2008and software DEAP2.1, Static and dynamic land use efficiency of Chongqing urban land use system were evalued and analysed. Results show that the promotion of the comprehensive input-output efficiency of Chongqing urban land use system was mainly depended on technical progress(TP),.Due to the negative growth of pure technical efficiency(PE) and scale efficiency (SE),the technical efficiency slightly backwarded. Especially after the year2005, the contribution of technical efficiency to comprehensive input-output efficiency greatly reduced. According to results analyis of2008urban land use efficiency, urban land use structure and allocation of production factors were unbalanced. In2008, input slacks happened to each input indicator, and the urban construction land input was relatively wasted. Due to urban land use structure and land use patterns, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency regressed, and the marginal efficiency of land use was low. The comprehensive input-output efficiency of2008and its development process during2000-2008differed between the three regions of Chongqing:the one hour economic circle, the northeast wing and the southeast wing. The miner improvement of the comprehensive efficiency thanked to technological progress and the pure technical efficiency improvements, while the scale efficiency regress, indicating that its marginal efficiency was low and the elements allocation unreazonable. In2008,most counties had a trend of increasing returns to scale. In comparasion, the southeast wing of Chongqing had a middle-leveled urban land use efficiency and a small waste of urban construction land input. However, due to the negative growth of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, from2000to2008, the overall efficiency saw a recession.Based on the data above, the following conclusions were drawn after analysis:Insufficient land resources and land waste coexist in Chongqing land use system. The imprvement of urban land use efficiency was lagged far behind economic development. Efficiency enhancement was mainly dependent on technological progress. Land use management and incentives measures were relatively well implemented.urban land-use efficiency of three regions had an obvious gap. The internal gap between counties within the one hour economic circle was bigger than that of other two regions, which had poor development trends. In southeast and northeast wing, low level of scale efficiency and serious problem of the extensive use of urban land exsited. Moreover, irrational land use structure and imbalanced factors of production configuration also harmed the urban land use system. Narrowing the gap between the one hour economic circle counties, and enhancing urban land use efficiency in the two wing areas is a priority. To solve the problems above, this study proposed5suggestions:Firstly, accelerate the land-use technological advances,and further improve the level of land use management. Secondly, optimize the industrial structure, and improve the allocation level of capital, labor, land input. Thirdly Improve market allocation of land resources; improve urban land use structure, optimize scale efficiency of economies. Fourthly, coordinate urban land use of the three major regions, reducing regional disparities, and improve the regional urban system construction. Lastly, coordinate the land planning system and the urban planning system, promote the realization of multi-dimensional functions of urban land use. In all, land use efficiency evaluation can still be further explored both in methods and in the integrity of the index system.